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Animal Behavior Notes!

Animal Behavior Notes!. Behavior. What an animal does & How an animal does it! Think of all of the behaviors of your pet...or a friends’ pet. List them and classify them as either being genetically “innate” or learned. Behavioral Ecology.

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Animal Behavior Notes!

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  1. Animal Behavior Notes!

  2. Behavior • What an animal does & How an animal does it! • Think of all of the behaviors of your pet...or a friends’ pet. List them and classify them as either being genetically “innate” or learned.

  3. Behavioral Ecology • Behavioral Ecology emphasizes evolutionary hypothesis. • Based on the fact that animals will act in a way that will increase their Darwinian fitness. What does “fitness” refer to in Darwinian terms?

  4. What questions can we ask? • Proximate causes • immediate stimulus & mechanism • “how” & “what” questions • Ultimate causes • evolutionary significance • how does behavior contribute to survival & reproduction • adaptive value • “why” questions • male songbird • what triggers singing?  how does he sing?  why does he sing?  how does daylength influence breeding?  why do cranes breed in spring? Courtship behavior in cranes  what,…how… & why questions

  5. P & E Practice • Human Sweet-tooth • Sonar Clicks in Bats

  6. Karl von Frisch Niko Tinbergen Konrad Lorenz ETHOLOGY Pioneers in the Study of An. Behavior

  7. Two Classifications of Behavior – Who cares??? • ADAPTIVE ADVANTAGE • innate behaviors • automatic, fixed, “built-in”, no “learning curve” • despite different environments, all individuals exhibit the behavior • ex. early survival, reproduction, kinesis, taxis • learned behaviors • modified by experience • variable, changeable • flexible with a complex & changing environment

  8. Innate behaviors • Fixed action patterns (FAP) • sequence of behaviors essentially unchangeable & usually conducted to completion once started • sign stimulus • the releaser that triggers a FAP

  9. Innate: Fixed Action Patterns (FAP) Digger wasp egg rolling in geese Do humans exhibit Fixed Action Patterns?

  10. Innate: Directed movements

  11. Innate: Migration

  12. Innate & Learned Behavior: Imprinting Who???

  13. I & L: Imprinting CRITICAL PERIOD

  14. Learned Behavior • Associative learning • learning to associate a stimulus with a consequence

  15. Operant Conditioning

  16. Classical Conditioning

  17. Learning: Habituation

  18. crow Learning: Problem-solving • Do other animals reason?

  19. Social Behavior • Communication/Language • Agonistic Behaviors • Dominance Hierarchy • Cooperation • Altruistic Behavior

  20. a. Language

  21. Communication by song

  22. Female mosquito use CO2 concentrations to locate victims Spider using moth sex pheromones, as allomones, to lure its prey Communication by scent

  23. b. Agonistic behaviors Lizard Behavior

  24. c. Dominance hierarchy

  25. d. Cooperation

  26. e. Altruistic Behavior kin selection • increasing survival of close relatives passes these genes on to the next generation How can this be of adaptive value? Warning Calls

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