1 / 7

Naming Alkanes

Naming Alkanes. m.keir @ SSHS. From Standard Grade. Ethane C 2 H 6. H. Methane CH 4. H - C - H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. Propane C 3 H 8. But ane C 4 H 10. H - C - C - H. H - C - C -C - H. H - C - C -C - C - H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H.

fabian
Download Presentation

Naming Alkanes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Naming Alkanes m.keir @ SSHS

  2. From Standard Grade Ethane C2H6 H Methane CH4 H - C - H H H H H H H H H H H Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10 H - C - C - H H - C - C -C - H H - C - C -C - C - H H H H H H H H H H H H H Isomer of Butane C4H10 H - C - C -C - H H H H C H H How do we name this isomer ?

  3. From Standard Grade H H H H H H H H H H H Pentane C5H12 H - C - C -C - C - C - H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Heptane C7H16 Hexane C6H14 H - C - C -C - C - C - C - C- H H - C - C -C - C - C - C- H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Octane C8H18 H - C - C -C - C - C - C - C - C- H H H H H H H H H Like Butane all these alkanes have isomers. How do we name them ?

  4. name methyl propane ( no need for the 2 as the branch can only be on carbon 2 ) H H H H - C - C -C - H H H H C H H Follow a few basic rules Naming alkanes Isomer of Butane C4H10 1. Find the longest carbon to carbon chain (not always straight) 2 Name is based on propane 2. Identify the side branch. As there is 1 carbon called methyl 3. Number the chain so that the branch has the lowest number possible. In this case both ends of the Carbon chain result in the number 2.

  5. H H C H H H H H H - C - C -C - C- C - H H H H H H C H H Name 2,2 dimethyl pentane 1. Find the longest carbon to carbon chain (not always straight) This alkane is an isomer of heptane. 2 Name is based on pentane 2. Identify the side branches. Both have one carbon so both are methyl groups 3. Number the chain so that the branch has the lowest number possible. The branches are both on carbon 2.

  6. H H C H H H C H H C H H H H H H C H 2 H - C - C -C - C- C - H 4 H H H H Name 2,2,4 trimethyl hexane 1. Find the longest carbon to carbon chain (not always straight) This alkane is an isomer of nonane Name is based on hexane 2. Identify the side branches. As each branch has 1 carbon they are all methyl groups. 3. Number the chain so that the branch has the lowest number possible. From the left hand side we get the lower numbers 2,4 which we use.

  7. If the branch has 1 carbon (CH3 )= methyl If the branch has 2 carbons (C2H5) = ethyl If the branch has 3 carbons(C3H7) = propyl If there are 2 groups of the same type = di If there are 3 groups of the same type = tri If there is more than one different branch, they are placed alphabetical within the name. Eg 2,2, dimethyl 3 ethylhexane

More Related