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Chapter 8

Chapter 8 . Central Nervous System. Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov. CNS Functions. CNS stands for central nervous system Communication and coordination system in the body Gives us personality Seat of intellect and reasoning. Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov. The Nerve Cell.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Central Nervous System Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  2. CNS Functions • CNS stands for central nervous system • Communication and coordination system in the body • Gives us personality • Seat of intellect and reasoning Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  3. The Nerve Cell • Called the neuron • Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane • Dendrites – received the signal • Axons (only one per cell) • myelin sheath (how it conducts the signal

  4. Nervous Tissue/Cells • Neurons (different types) • Sensory = afferent • Motor or efferent • Associative or interneurons • Membrane excitability

  5. Synapse • When messages go from one cell to the next cell • Synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  6. Divisions of the Nervous System • Central nervous system • Brain • Spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system • 12 pairs of cranial nerves (coming out of the brain) • Eyes, smell, ect… • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Autonomic nervous system (fight or flight Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  7. Effects of Aging • Slowing nerve conduction • Loss of brain size • Slowing of reaction time • Changes in sleep patterns

  8. The Brain • Weighs about 1400 grams or 3 pounds • 100 billion neurons • Meninges (covering) and cerebrospinal fluid • Without oxygen, brain damage occurs within 4-8 minutes Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  9. The Brain • Cerebrum • Diencephalon • Cerebellum • Brain stem

  10. The Brain

  11. Memory • Storage of old and new information • Role of the hippocampus • Short or long term memory

  12. Meninges =Coverings of the Brain • Dura mater • Arachnoid mater • Pia mater Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  13. Ventricles of the Brain • Four lined cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid • 1st and 2nd • Right and left lateral ventricles • 3rd • Connected to the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramen

  14. Ventricles of the Brain • 4th • Connected to the 3rd by the cerebral aqueduct Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  15. CSF • Cerebral spinal fluid =CSF • Formed inside the four ventricles • Formation and flow of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) • Blood-brain barrier • Lumbar puncture

  16. Cerebrum • Largest part of the brain • Weighs about 2 pounds • Cerebral cortex • Two hemispheres and longitudinal fissure • Fissures and sulci • Gyri or convulutions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  17. Five Major Fissures • Longitudinal fissure • Transverse fissure • Central fissure • Lateral fissure • Parieto-occipital fissure Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  18. Cerebral Functionsdepends on location • Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe • Limbic lobe or system Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  19. Diencephalon • Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain • Thalamus • Hypothalamus Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  20. Hypothalamus • Important part of homeostasis • Autonomic nervous control • Cardiovascular control • Temperature control • Appetite control • Water balance Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  21. Hypothalamus • Manufacture of oxytocin • Gastrointestinal control • Emotional state • Sleep control • Mind-over-body experiences Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  22. Cerebellum • Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  23. Cerebellar Function • Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum • Maintenance of balance • Maintenance of muscle tone • Coordination of muscle movements Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  24. Brain Stem • Midbrain • Pons -breathing • Medulla oblongata • The cranial nerves 3-12 emerge

  25. Spinal Cord • Begins at foramen magnum of the occipital bone • Ends at the second lumbar vertebrae • 31 pairs of spinal nerves • Protected by meninges and other tissues • White and gray matter • Functions Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  26. gray horns and the gray commissure form the “gray H.” Columns” of white matter carry information either up or down the spinal cord

  27. Disorders • Meningitis • Encephalitis • Epilepsy • Cerebral palsy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  28. Disorders • Poliomyelitis • Hydrocephalus • Parkinson’s disease • Essential tremor Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  29. Disorders • Multiple sclerosis • West Nile virus • Dementia • Alzheimer’s disease Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  30. Disorders • Brain tumors • Hematoma • Spinal cord injuries • Quadriplegia • Paraplegia

  31. Headaches • Tension • Migraine • Cluster Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  32. Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov Chiropractic physician & Instructor at Heald College Back in the Game www.bigsportsmed.com

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