April 22nd, 2009 Wednesdays 6:30 - 9:15 p.m. Bryce Walker

1. April 22nd, 2009 Wednesdays 6:30 - 9:15 p.m. Bryce Walker Art 1010: Week #12 Baroque/Rococo

2. Things to discuss today ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker Exam #3: Christianity & Renaissance Museum Papers returned Quiz #5 returned Art News? Baroque Era

3. Baroque Era ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker • Items to be covered: • Italian Baroque • French Baroque • Spanish Baroque • Rococo • Revolution

4. Goals and Objectives ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker • Learn how to identify Baroque art • Learn the main Baroque Artists • Learn the difference between Baroque and Rococo art • Learn how the Revolution Art movement was started

5. The 17th and 18th Centuries ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker “Baroque art differs from that of the Renaissance in several important aspects. Whereas Renaissance art stressed the calm of reason, Baroque art is full of emotion, energy, and movement. Colors are more vivid in Baroque art than in Renaissance, with greater contrast between colors and between light and dark.” (p. 421) The 17th and 18th centuries in Europe were called “The Age of the Kings.” At the same period of time, in America it was called “The Age of Colonial Settlements.”

6. Italian Baroque “St. Teresa in Ecstacy” Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker Gianlorenzo Bernini The leader of the Baroque movement. St. Teresa was a Spanish mystic, founder of a strict order of nuns. She claimed to be subject for many years to religious trances, in which she saw visions of Heaven and Hell and was visited by angels.

7. Italian Baroque “Entombment of Christ” Caravaggio, 1604 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 7 Michelangelo Caravaggio Caravaggio’s structure is a strong diagonal leading from the upraised hand at the top right down through the cluster of figures to Christ’s face. Painted to hang over an altar. “During the most solemn moment of the mass, the priest holds the communion bread aloft and repeats the words Christ spoke at the last supper.

8. Dutch Baroque Peter Paul Rubens • Though he was Dutch, he was influenced by the Italian Baroque movement. Therefore we see similarities between these two paintings. • Similarities: Diagonal composition and dramatic lighting. • Differences: Movement and energy. “The Raising of the Cross” Rubens, 1609-10 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker

9. French Baroque Nicholas Poussin • Depicting a more classical style of Baroque in France, Poussin. He spent most of his career in Rome. • Stepped in philosophy and history of the Classical past, he came to believe that art’s highest purpose was to represent noble and serious human actions. • In his old age, he was unjustly accused of treason and sentenced to death. “The Ashes of Phokion” Poussin, 1648 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 9

10. Spanish Baroque Diego Velazquez • Uses light to create drama and emphasis, but light also serves to organize and unify a complex space. • What could have been a disorderly scene has been pulled together by the device of spotlighting, much as a designer of stage lighting would control what the audience sees. “Las Meninas” Velazquez, 1656 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 10

11. Dutch Baroque Rembrandt Van Rijn • Dutch Baroque is often called “Bourgeois Baroque” because it is centered less on religion and more on family and home. • Rembrandt’s innovation was to paint individual portraits within the context of a larger activity. • He groups individuals naturally in deep and dark space, with the most noble in the center. “Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq’s Company of the Civic Guard” Rembrandt, 1642 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker

12. Dutch Baroque Johannes Vermeer • Dutch masterpiece • “Stillness pervades the picture. A gentle half-light filtered through the curtained window reveals a woman contemplating an empty jeweler’s balance. She holds the balance and its own glinting trays delicately with her right hand, which falls in the exact center of the composition.” (p. 70) “Woman Holding a Balance” Vermeer, 1664 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker

13. The 18th Century Rococo • “A development and extension of the Baroque style. The term “rococo” was a play on the word “baroque,” but it also refers to the French words for “rocks” and “shells,” forms that appeared as decorative motifs in architecture, furniture, and occasionally in painting.” (p. 433) • The Rococo style of architecture originated in France but was soon exported. This style was all about sophisticated style, and the sophistication was paramount in both architecture and painting. “The Pursuit” Fragonard, 1771-73 “Mirror Room” Cuvillies, Amelianburg, 1734-39 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 13

14. Revolution Art Jacques-Louis David • Among the many young artists who flocked to Italy to absorb the influence at first hand was David. • His painting “The Oath of the Horatii” was commissioned by King Louis XVI. It depicts the stirring moment when three roman brothers swear before their father to fight to the death to spare the lives of their fellow citizens an all-out war “The Oath of the Horatii” David, 1784-5 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 14

15. Revolution Art French Revolution • David’s painting of Jean Paul Marat, explains this painting: A French revolutionist, pursued the goal of wiping out France’s greedy and corrupt aristocracy. He had hundreds killed by the guillotine, until he was murdered in his tub. • American Revolution • John Singleton Copley painted many people who later became heroes of the Revolution, including this painting of Paul Revere. Revere traveled from Boston to Concord to warn his fellow colonists that the “The British are coming!” “The Death of Marat” David, 1793 “Paul Revere” Copley, 1768-70 ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker 15