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Georgia FFA Forestry CDE

Georgia FFA Forestry CDE. Insects. By: Josh Fleming Jenkins Co. FFA Advisor. May 2007. Ambrosia Beetle Aphids Bagworm Black Turpentine Beetle Conifer Sawflies Cicada Eastern Tent Caterpillar Fall Webworm Gypsy Moth Insect Gall. Ips Engraver Beetle Locust Borer

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Georgia FFA Forestry CDE

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  1. Georgia FFAForestry CDE Insects By: Josh Fleming Jenkins Co. FFA Advisor May 2007

  2. Ambrosia Beetle Aphids Bagworm Black Turpentine Beetle Conifer Sawflies Cicada Eastern Tent Caterpillar Fall Webworm Gypsy Moth Insect Gall Ips Engraver Beetle Locust Borer Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Orangestriped Oakworm Pales Weevil Pine Webworm Scales Southern Pine Beetle Southern Pine Sawer Insects List

  3. Ambrosia Beetle D A M A G E TOP VIEW ID TIP: Note Points on Abdomen FRASS 1/16” to 1/4” long, stout bodied; the mature color is dark reddish brown

  4. Ambrosia Beetle Damage from beetle boring into tree trunk Ambrosia Beetle Larva Inside Tree Trunk

  5. Description of Adult- 1/32 to 1/4 inch long Soft-bodied, pear-shaped. Varying in color from: red, yellow, green, blue brown, gray, or black. Nymphs resemble adults but are smaller and lack wings. Aphids

  6. Aphids Sooty Mold, a black, sooty growth on needles, leaves and/or branches is sometimes found growing on the honeydew that is excreted by Aphids. Some types of ants can be seen collecting the secretions of the Aphid.

  7. Bagworm Adult females don’t fly and are confined to the bag for life, males do fly and will locate females in the fall to mate. The bagworm can extend out of the bag to feed, but will retract back into the bag when threatened. Often found in bald cypress, junipers, arborvitae, and other conifers The bag that encompasses the bagworm is made of silk, portions of leaves, and twigs, the bag can be 2’’ long or more.

  8. Black Turpentine Beetle Side View Top View

  9. Black Turpentine Beetle Pitch Tubes from this beetle are about the size of a quarter and are seldom found more than 10’ off the ground. This beetle prefers to enter a tree through some type of damaged area: Mechanical Damage, naval store operation, and lightning are common points of entrance into a tree. Outbreaks are often preceded by drought.

  10. Conifer Sawfly Loblolly Pine Sawfly Larva White Pine Sawfly Larva Just a few examples of the different types of Conifer Sawflies which affect Georgia Trees. Introduced Pine Sawfly Larva Red-headed Pine Sawfly Larva

  11. Conifer Sawfly Sawfly adults are broad-waisted wasps, and the female has a serrated ovipositor which allows them to saw little slits in the needles where eggs are laid. Once the eggs hatch, the larva begin to feed on the foliage of the host plant. Some species have one generation per year, while others may have 3 or more generations per year. The larva stage of each generation will severely defoliate the host plant, especially with more than one generation per year. Adult Red-headed Pine Sawfly

  12. Cicada’s come in 2 major varieties, Annual or periodical. Annual cicada’s are present each year, and their shells can be seen on tree trunks occasionally. Periodical cicadas emerge once every 13 or 17 years. 17 year cicadas usually occur in the northern US, and the 13 year cicadas usually occur in the southern US. In Georgia, the last 13 year brood occurred in 1998, and the last 17 year brood occurred in 2004. Cicada Adult Shell

  13. Cicada Female cicadas damage trees by ovipositing on twigs and small branches. Eggs are laid in the Y shaped pits of living twigs. Each pit may contain up to 20 eggs. A female may lay up to 600 eggs. Once they hatch the nymphs drop to the ground, burrow underground, locate a suitable rootlet for feeding and begin to suck juices from the roots as they develop into an adult. This process may take up to 17 years from start to finish. At the end of the cycle, the Adults will emerge between May and June.

  14. Eastern Tent Caterpillar A Silk “Tent” will house the larva as the feed on tree foliage. These tents can be found in the forks of limbs and branches and are used as a base for feeding larva, which venture out to different branches to feed. Full grown caterpillars reach about 1.6’’ in length. Color varies, but generally have black heads, mid-dorsal white stripe, and lateral white stripes between each pair of legs. The adult moths are light brown with 2 diagonal white stripes across the back side of the wings.

  15. Eastern Tent Caterpillar Total defoliation of the tree foliage can occur with large broods of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar. Infestations of this size warrant drastic control measures to ensure that fruit crops are not lost for the current year. The egg mass of this caterpillar is laid on twigs of the tree species that is a suitable hosts for this insect. Common host trees are cherry, apple and plum trees. Control of this insect ranges from removing egg masses from the tree, hand picking caterpillars from the tree after hatching, or using chemical control.

  16. Fall Webworm The Fall Webworm is a very common pest to Pecan, Sourwood, and Persimmon trees. This worm will construct large, unsightly webs made of silk around the leaves that it is feeding on. Often these webs will cover entire branches and may contain hundreds of worms. This insect can cause sever losses to commercial growers, but for most individuals, the problem is ugly webs present in their trees.

  17. Fall Webworm The Fall Webworm adult varies in appearance, usually being an all white moth, but it can have light brown coloring on its wings. The Pupa of the moth is dark in color and is around 3/8” to 1/2” in length. The activities of the Fall Webworm larva go mostly unnoticed until late summer or early fall when the grey silk nests begin to appear in the host trees.

  18. Gypsy Moth The Gypsy Moth Caterpillar is a serious spring defoliator of forest and shade trees. The Egg mass can be seen on tree trunks and branches. The caterpillar can be found in the spring of the year feeding on tree foliage, usually Oak Trees, and is usually 1.5” to 2” long. The caterpillar can be identified by a series of blue and red dots along its back. The male Moth is brown in color, with large feathery antennae, the female is white in color with some colored markings on the wings. This pest has been eradicated from Georgia 3 times since 1991, but new infestations are easily sparked when people unknowingly transport egg masses, caterpillars, or pupa from infested areas.

  19. Insect Gall Plant Galls can be caused by numerous different insects. The gall itself can be caused by Chemical Secretions from adult insects while laying eggs, or an abnormal reaction from the plant to the saliva of the feeding larva. Often times it is easier to identify the insect by the gall, than actually seeing the insect. The location of the gall on the plant is very useful in identifying the insect. The following link will connect you with a table, which will aid in identifying insects from their galls. Forest Health Guide for Georgia Foresters - Gall Insects

  20. Ips Engraver Beetle The Ips Engraver Beetle can easily be identified by its scooped out rear end when compared to the Southern Pine Beetle. This beetle carves long tunnels into the tree trunk, just beneath the bark. This insect does not always produce pitch tubes on the trees it feeds on, but boring dust can often be seen on tree bark. If a pitch tube can be seen, it usually occurs on the bark and not in a crevice. These beetles prefer to infest a stressed tree, but will infest healthy trees during an outbreak.

  21. Locust Borer The cause for concern from the Locust Borer is the large grub like larva stage. These insects feed on live wood, therefore will not enter debarked trees. This is one reason why when logs are decked after harvest for long periods of time sever loses can occur.

  22. Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Adult Moth on pine needle, adults are about 1/4” in length with 1/2” wing span, with irregular brick red and copper patches on wings. Larva Feeding at base of needles. This moth causes the most damage to recently planted pines up to 15 ft in height. Loblolly and shortleaf pine are the favored hosts, but the moth will infest slash and longleaf if conditions are favorable. Sever stunting and deformation of younger trees can result from repeated attacks of this pine tip moth.

  23. OrangestripedOakworm

  24. Orangestriped Oakworm The orangestriped oakworm feeds on various oaks and sometimes birch and hickory. Mature caterpillars are just over 1 ½ inches long, black with eight longitudinal orange-yellow stripes. They also have two black spines on the second thoracic segment and smaller spines on each succeeding segment.

  25. Pales Weevil Weevils that debark pine seedlings are the pales, and pitch-eating. These weevils damage seedlings by chewing bark from the stem above and below the ground. Seedlings are often girdled. Damage can be prevented or reduced when conditions favoring their development are avoided. Debarking weevils are attracted to recently logged areas with pine stumps. Adult weevils deposit eggs in roots of freshly cut pine stumps or buried slash. The larvae hatch in a few days and begin feeding beneath the bark. Upon emergence the new adults will seek out seedlings to feed on. The newly emerging weevils and older adults attack seedlings planted on or adjacent to these cut over areas.

  26. Pales Weevil Guidelines to reduce weevil damage: 1. Delay planting one year on cutover pine sites if harvest cannot be completed before July. 2. If planting cannot be delayed the seedlings should be dipped in an approved insecticide or top sprayed in the nursery before lifting. 3. Delay cuttings/ thinnings that are adjacent to recently planted pines until the seedlings are 3-4 years old. 4. Planted seedlings can be sprayed in the field with an approved insecticide if weevils begin to appear.

  27. Pine Webworm Caterpillars are approximately 3/4 inch in length at maturity; tan to gray with two darker longitudinal stripes along each side. The larvae feed on the needles constructing masses of frass bound together with silk on the seedlings. These masses of excrement are usually 3 to 5 inches long surrounding the twigs and enclosing the basal portions of the needles. No control is necessary.

  28. Scales Scale insects can be injurious to pines in seed orchards and a nuisance in Christmas tree plantations. This group of insects is very large; containing minute and highly specialized individuals. Different species attack different parts of the host, branches and twigs being frequently infested. After the first molt the females lose their legs and antennae and become immobile and sessile. A waxy covering is then secreted over their body. This covering may be in the form of powder, plates or drops of resin. The females remain under the covering where they lay eggs and give birth to living young. The eggs are never laid in the open. There may be one to six generations per year varying with species and geographical location.

  29. Southern Pine Beetle

  30. The southern pine beetle is the most destructive pine bark beetle in the South. Randomly flying females locate susceptible trees, which are called focus trees. The SPB attacks all species of southern yellow pines including eastern white pine. It is particularly destructive in over mature and overcrowded stands. Outbreaks are cyclic and are usually preceded by drought or flooding. Trees are killed when thousands of adult beetles bore underneath the bark to feed and lay eggs. The female beetles construct winding S-shaped galleries in the cambium while feeding and laying eggs. Adult beetles carry blue stain fungi and these fungi once introduced into trees will proliferate into the sapwood stopping water movement within the tree. The usual signs of attack on the outside of trees will be pitch tubes in bark crevices when formed. Southern Pine Beetle

  31. Southern Pine Sawyer Insects that attack and bore into living trees or freshly cut logs are generally referred to as wood borers. Softwood species are most often used for log homes, and include pine, spruce, fir, hemlock, northern white cedar, western red cedar, and cypress. In warm weather, freshly cut logs of all softwoods are frequently attacked within a few days after tree felling. These beetles do not infest logs that have been debarked; therefore, rapid utilization of felled logs is essential to prevent attacks. Logs that are decked for several weeks often sustain heavy attacks from these beetles.

  32. THE END!!! Created: May 2007

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