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Invitation to Computer Science 5 th Edition

Invitation to Computer Science 5 th Edition. Chapter 14 Electronic Commerce and Databases. Objectives. In this chapter, you will learn about: E-commerce Databases. Introduction. E-commerce world Financial transactions are conducted by electronic means E-business

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Invitation to Computer Science 5 th Edition

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  1. Invitation to Computer Science 5thEdition Chapter 14 Electronic Commerce and Databases

  2. Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: • E-commerce • Databases Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  3. Introduction • E-commerce world • Financial transactions are conducted by electronic means • E-business • Orders are processed, credit is verified, transactions are completed, debits are issued, shipping is alerted, and inventory is reduced, all electronically Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition 3

  4. E-Commerce • Do you want to: • Broaden your customer base? • Recapture customers you are losing to competitors with online stores? • Better serve your existing customer base? • Better integrate departments/functions within your existing business? Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition 4

  5. The Vision Thing • Risks involved with moving into e-commerce • Will you just move your in-store customers online and achieve no overall gain? • When you expose yourself to online competition, will you have something unique to offer? • Does your existing customer base need or want anything that you don’t or can’t provide in your traditional business environment? • Are the employees in your Shipping and Accounting departments in agreement with this idea? Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  6. The Vision Thing (continued) • Costs involved • Do you have all the necessary hardware (computers), software, and infrastructure (network connectivity) to host a business Web site? • Do you have the personnel and skills you need to build and maintain a Web site? • Do you know the potential costs of diverting resources away from your existing traditional business? Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  7. Decisions, Decisions • First major decision • Choose between in-house development and outsourcing • Are you going to use your existing staff to develop this e-business • Will you lease space on someone else’s commercial Web server Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  8. Anatomy of a Transaction • Goals • Draw potential customers to your site • Keep them there • Set up optimum conditions for them to complete a purchase Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  9. Figure 14.1 A Typical Online Transaction in Nine Steps Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  10. Step 1: Getting There • How does your potential customer learn your URL? • Conventional advertising • Obvious domain name • Search engine • Portal Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  11. Step 2: Do I Know You? • Cookie • Small text file that Web server sends to user’s browser that gets stored on the user’s hard drive • Stateless • No information about the exchange is permanently retained by the server Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  12. Step 3: Committing to an Online Purchase • Encryption • Encodes data to be transmitted into a scrambled form • Authentication • Process of verifying the identity of the receiver of the data • Spoofing • Practice of impersonating a legitimate site for the purposes of stealing money or stealing identity Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  13. Steps 4 and 5: Payment Processing Figure 14.2 Secure Site Assurance Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  14. Steps 6–9: Order Fulfillment • Step 6 • Once customer’s credit is approved, order entry system must alert inventory system • Step 7 • Contact shipping system • Step 8 • Shipping system works with the shipping company • Step 9 • Pick up and deliver the purchase to the customer Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  15. Designing Your Web Site • Taxonomy • How information is classified and organized so customers can easily find what they want • Site map or a navigation bar • Can provide a high-level overview of your site architecture • CRM (customer relationship management) strategy • Improve customer satisfaction • Build customer relationships • Bring people back to your Web site time and time again Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  16. Behind the Scenes • Middleware • Software that allows separate, existing programs to communicate and work together seamlessly • Disaster recovery strategy • What are your plans for backing up critical data? • What is your plan to keep your online business open even when your server fails? • What will you do if a hacker breaks into your Web site and steals customer information? Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  17. Databases • Bit • Most basic unit of data • Combined into groups of eight called bytes • Fields • Group of bytes • Record • Collection of related fields Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  18. Databases (continued) • Data file • Stores related records • Database • Made up of related files Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  19. Figure 14.3 Data Organization Hierarchy Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  20. Figure 14.4 Records and Fields in a Single File Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  21. Figure 14.5 One Record in the Rugs-For-You Employees File Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  22. Database Management Systems • Manage the files in a database • Entity • Fundamental distinguishable component • Attribute • Category of information • Primary key • Attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a tuple Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  23. Figure 14.6 Employees Table for Rugs-For-You Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  24. Database Management Systems (continued) • Query languages • Enable user or another application program to query the database, in order to retrieve information • Composite primary key • Needed to identify a tuple uniquely • Foreign key • Key from another table that refers to a specific key, usually the primary key Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  25. Figure 14.7 Insurance Policies Table for Rugs-For-You Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  26. Figure 14.8 Three Entities in the Rugs-For-You Database Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  27. Other Considerations • Performance issues • Affect the user’s satisfaction with a database management system • To significantly reduce access time: • Create additional records to be stored along with the file • Distributed databases • Allow the physical data to reside at separate and independent locations that are electronically networked together Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

  28. Summary • E-business • Every part of a financial transaction is handled electronically • Opening an online store • Requires a significant amount of planning • Database • Allows data items to be stored, extracted, sorted, and manipulated • Relational database model • Conceptual model of a file as a two-dimensional table Invitation to Computer Science, 5th Edition

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