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Electricity and Circuits

Learn about electricity generation, electron orbits, energy levels, electric current flow, voltage, circuits, conductors, loads, and series vs. parallel circuits. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different circuit configurations in energy transfer.

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Electricity and Circuits

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  1. Electricity and Circuits Lesson 28

  2. GPS • S8P5. Students will recognize characteristics of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in nature. • b. Demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel circuits and how they transfer energy.

  3. What is Electricity? • Electricity is generated from the motion of tiny charged atomic particles called electrons and protons! • Protons = + • Electrons = - Nucleus Energy Levels

  4. What is Electricity? • Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom at different distances often referred to as levels. Each “energy level” contains a particular number of electrons at its maximum. Electrons in different energy levels can jump from one atom to another. These jumps change the overall charge of the atoms. The changes result in electricity. Nucleus Energy Levels

  5. Electric Current • Electric current is the flow of electric charges. • Electric current is measured in amperes (A), or amps. • Electric charges will always flow from a region of higher potential energy to a region of lower potential energy.

  6. Electric Current • Potential difference is called voltage and is measured in units called volts(V). • A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electricity. • In batteries the potential energy difference is created by the positive and negative terminals.

  7. Circuits • A circuit is a path through which electricity can flow.

  8. Circuits • Energy Source • A circuit needs an energy source to push a charge through the circuit • A battery is the energy source.

  9. Circuits • Conductors • A conductor is a material that allows electrical energy to flow through it easily. • Metals make good conductors, so wires from metals are most often the conductors in circuit. • Loads • A load is a device in a circuit that operates using electrical energy. • Examples of loads are light bulbs, bells, radios, and motors. • .

  10. Circuits • A circuit may also have a switch . A switch is a device that is used to control the flow of current through a circuit. • When a switch is open, the path is broken, so no electricity flows through the circuit • When a switch is closed, it creates a continuous path through which an electric charge can flow. • Energy flows only through a circuit that is closed.

  11. Series Circuits • A series circuit is a circuit that provides only one possible path for the flow of current. • In a series circuit, the loads are set up in a series, or line, that requires current to flow through one load before passing through the next.

  12. Parallel Circuits • A parallel circuit offers more than one path for the flow of electricity. • Each load in a parallel circuit has its own closed circuit pathway to the energy source. • Loads in a parallel circuit use the full voltage of the energy source.

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