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Concept of Same and Difference

Researcher: Jean-Remy Hochmann RA: Melody Wu. Concept of Same and Difference. Previous Studies. Giurfa et al. (2001) . Paradigm: Training and transfer tests Method: Y-shaped maze. Giurfa et al. (2001) - continue . Giurfa et al.(2001) - continue .

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Concept of Same and Difference

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  1. Researcher: Jean-Remy Hochmann RA: Melody Wu Concept of Same and Difference

  2. Previous Studies

  3. Giurfa et al. (2001)

  4. Paradigm: Training and transfer tests Method: Y-shaped maze Giurfa et al. (2001) - continue

  5. Giurfa et al.(2001) - continue Result: Bees have the concept of same and difference!

  6. Mercado III et al. (2000)

  7. Paradigm: Training and transfer test Method: use two paddles to represent same or difference Mercado III et al. (2000) - continue

  8. Dolphin # 1: • Training: 89% accuracy • Transfer Test: 76% accuracy • Dolphin # 2: • Training: 85% accuracy • Transfer Test: 80% accuracy • Dolphins have the concept of same and difference! Mercado III et al. (2000) - continue

  9. Wright and Katz (2006)

  10. Paradigm: Training and transfer tests • Method: show a pair of same or different stimuli Wright and Katz (2006) - continue

  11. Wright and Katz (2006) - continue

  12. Wright and Katz (2006) - continue

  13. Wright and Katz (2006) - continue

  14. Thompson and Oden (1996) Human infants Infant chimps Monkeys pigeons Bees etc. Human infants Infant chimps Pigeons (256 different exemplars) Monkeys (128 different exemplars) Monkeys Human adults Linguistically trained chimps Alex the parrot

  15. Symmetry interpretation is not always controlled for. • Symmetry applies to the overall visual pattern. • ‘Same’ is a relation between two objects. • Usually no different results between ‘Same’ and ‘Different’. General problems of this literature

  16. Kovacs and Mehler (2009)

  17. Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue

  18. Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue

  19. Kovacs and Mehler (2009) - continue

  20. Is the concept of difference harder or impossible for infants to learn? Questions

  21. 1. Mental representation of stimulus 2. Association between a side of screen and each representation What are the two requirements?

  22. Hold 1strequirement constant Test whether14 month-oldcan associate a side to each representation Current Study - Stage 1

  23. Paradigm

  24. Determine at what age infants can associate each side with a representation Goal of Stage 1

  25. 1. Mental representation of stimulus 2. Association between a side on screen and each representation What are the two requirements?

  26. Hold 2ndrequirement constant Test infants’ ability to represent structure AA and AB (same vs. difference) Current Study - Stage 2

  27. Paradigm

  28. Successful: associate AA to one side while AB to another • Infants have concept of same and difference • Unsuccessful: only associate AA to one side but not AB to another • Infants might only have the concept of same • Concept of difference might be more difficult Predicted Result

  29. Effect of speech labels Effect of auditory attention cues Future Experiment

  30. The End

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