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Cell Life Cycle

Cell Life Cycle. Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes Cell division Cell replicates itself Function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes. DNA Replication.

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Cell Life Cycle

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  1. Cell Life Cycle • Cells have two major periods • Interphase • Cell grows • Cell carries on metabolic processes • Cell division • Cell replicates itself • Function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

  2. DNA Replication • Genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for division into two cells • Occurs toward the end of interphase • DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template

  3. DNA Replication Figure 3.14

  4. Events of Cell Division • Mitosis—division of the nucleus • Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei • Cytokinesis—division of the cytoplasm • Begins when mitosis is near completion • Results in the formation of two daughter cells

  5. Stages of Mitosis • Prophase • First part of cell division • Centrioles migrate to the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers • DNA appears as double-stranded chromosomes • Nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears

  6. Stages of Mitosis • Metaphase • Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell on the metaphase plate

  7. Stages of Mitosis • Anaphase • Chromosomes are pulled apart and toward the opposite ends of the cell • Cell begins to elongate

  8. Stages of Mitosis • Telophase • Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin • Nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin • Spindles break down and disappear

  9. Stages of Mitosis • Cytokinesis • Begins during late anaphase and completes during telophase • A cleavage furrow forms to pinch the cells into two parts

  10. Centrioles Spindlemicrotubules Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Centromere Formingmitoticspindle Plasmamembrane Chromosome,consisting of twosister chromatids Fragments ofnuclear envelope Spindlepole Nuclearenvelope Nucleolus Early prophase Interphase Late prophase Nucleolusforming Metaphaseplate Spindle Cleavagefurrow Nuclearenvelopeforming Sisterchromatids Daughterchromosomes Telophase and cytokinesis Metaphase Anaphase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15

  11. Centrioles Chromatin Plasmamembrane Nuclearenvelope Nucleolus Interphase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 1

  12. Centrioles Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Formingmitoticspindle Plasmamembrane Chromosome,consisting of twosister chromatids Nuclearenvelope Nucleolus Interphase Early prophase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 2

  13. Centrioles Spindlemicrotubules Centrioles Chromatin Centromere Centromere Formingmitoticspindle Plasmamembrane Chromosome,consisting of twosister chromatids Fragments ofnuclear envelope Spindlepole Nuclearenvelope Nucleolus Interphase Early prophase Late prophase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 3

  14. Metaphaseplate Spindle Sisterchromatids Metaphase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 4

  15. Metaphaseplate Spindle Daughterchromosomes Sisterchromatids Metaphase Anaphase Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 5

  16. Nucleolusforming Metaphaseplate Spindle Cleavagefurrow Nuclearenvelopeforming Daughterchromosomes Sisterchromatids Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and cytokinesis Stages of Mitosis Figure 3.15, step 6

  17. Stages of Mitosis

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