Emerald Ash Borer

1. Emerald Ash Borer

2. EAB Life Cycle David Cappaert, MSU David Cappaert, MSU Dan Herrms, OSU Marianne Prue, Ohio DNR Houping Liu, MSU Marianne Prue, Ohio DNR

3. EAB Lifecycle EAB Life Cycle David Cappaert, MSU

4. EAB Lifecycle EAB Life Cycle

5. EAB Lifecycle EAB Life Cycle

6. EAB Lifecycle EAB Life Cycle David Cappaert, MSU

7. Host Trees • Attacks all native ash trees • Black, green, and white are native to MN • Some preliminary evidence that blue ash may show some resistance • Manchurian ash shows resistance (not N.A. sp.) • Hybrid crosses not resistant (so far) • Mountain ash (not a true ash) is not attacked David Cappaert

8. How Does EAB Kill Trees?

9. EAB Distribution

10. EAB Distribution

11. EAB Distribution Shoreview St Paul 1 St Paul 2

12. EAB Distribution Winona Victory / Houston

13. EAB Status This is a hypothetical example of how EAB population increase and resulting tree mortality may occur.

14. EAB Status St Paul 1 Winona St Paul 2 Houston Shore- view This is a hypothetical example of how EAB population increase and resulting tree mortality may occur.

15. EAB Infestations in MN • I-90 – Nodine Exit, Winona County • EAB present 5-6 years? • 5-10% of ash in area were dead • Most of rest had noticeable decline

16. EAB Infestations in MN • Nodine Exit trees • > 100 larval galleries / square meter of bark

17. EAB Infestations in MN • Nodine Exit trees • Woodpeckers could barely fly anymore

18. EAB Infestations in MN • St Paul 1 – found 2009 • EAB present 3-4 years • No dead trees • Canopy thinning on ~50 trees

19. EAB Infestations in MN • St Paul 1 – found 2009 • Woodpecking apparent on declining trees and trees without decline

20. EAB Infestations in MN • Woodpecking a better indicator of EAB than decline EAB Positive EAB Negative

21. EAB Infestations in MN • St Paul 2 – Summit / Dale Area • ~4 years old when found • Decline, woodpecking, bark cracks on < 10 trees

22. EAB Infestations in MN • Shoreview • ~3 years old when found • Decline in one tree initially – no woodpecking seen in July

23. EAB Infestations in MN • Shoreview • ~3 years old when found • Decline in one tree initially – heavy woodpecking by November – also showing up on other trees in area

24. EAB Infestations in MN • Houston • ~3 years old when found • Only found due to extensive searching

25. Estimation Age of Infestation Increasing Numbers

26. EAB Suppression • Sanitation • Chemicals • Biological Control

27. EAB Sanitation • Identify EAB infested trees via woodpecking • Remove infested trees prior to adult emergence

28. EAB Chemicals

29. Biological control

30. Egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili

31. H. Liu, USDA

32. Larval parasitoid, Spathius agrili

33. Spathius agrili J. Plunkett J. Lelito

34. Larval parasitoid, Tetrastichus planipennisi

35. Tetrastichus planipennisi J. Lelito

36. EAB Quarantine

37. EAB Quarantine • No Regulated Articles are legally allowed to move outside of a quarantine (untreated or treated), unless they are accompanied by a certificate. Certificates are only available when a compliance agreement is signed between the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and the firm interested in moving the regulated article.

38. EAB Quarantine • Regulated Articles • Emerald ash borer in any living stage of development • Ash trees • Ash limbs / branches • Ash stumps and roots • Ash logs • Ash chips (wood or bark) • Firewood of any non-coniferous species

39. EAB Quarantine NO Maybe OK