African American Civil Rights

1. African American Civil Rights Analyze the NAACP, UNIA, ADL, ACLU

2. APK

3. Importance • The NAACP did all of the following except • 1. fight for legislation to protect African Americans. • 2. work with anti-lynching organizations. • 3. propose that African Americans move back to Africa. • 4. publish The Crisis.

4. NAACP GOALS • To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of colored citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law.

5. NAACP • Original goals • End Jim Crow Laws • Legal segregation • Oppose Pres Wilson racial segregation policies • Hiring • Government offices • Urged African Americans to serve in WWI

6. NAACP • Protest Birth of a Nation • False truth • Wilson • "it is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true". • After WWI worked to stop lynching

7. UNIA - Marcus Garvey • Marcus Garvey • Black Nationalist • Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) • enthusiastic audience in the United States, • Garvey attract thousands of disillusioned black working-class and lower middle-class followers • became the most popular black leader in America in the early 1920s. • The UNIA, committed to racial purity and separatism, • Insisted salvation for African Americans meant building an autonomous, black-led nation in Africa. • To this end, the movement offered in its “Back to Africa” campaign a powerful message of black pride and economic self-sufficiency.

9. Marcus Garvey-Back to Africa • UNIA-Build up AA respect and racial power and pride • Back to the motherland-separation of the races • $10 Million-Jailed for fraud • Deported to Jamaica in 1927

10. Another famous figure of the era was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born American who took pride in his African heritage. Conflict with Du Bois • Garvey thought the NAACP discouraged African American self-confidence, and that their goal of breaking down barriers between races threatened African racial purity. • Du Bois and the NAACP were suspicious of UNIA too, and The Crisis published an investigation of UNIA. • The FBI charged UNIA with mail fraud, and UNIA collapsed when Garvey went to prison and then left the country upon release. Garvey’s Rise • Formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted self-reliance for African Americans without white involvement. • Garvey wanted American blacks to go back to Africa to create a new empire. • Garvey wanted African Americans to have economic success. His Black Star Line promoted trade among Africans around the world. • About 2 million mostly poor African Americans joined UNIA. Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois

11. ADL • "to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. Its ultimate purpose is to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens."

12. ADL • Reducing all forms of bigotry • Specifically Anti-Semitism • Against Nazi, Skinheads, KKK, Henry Ford • Some criticism of Israel is also bad • Separate Church & State • Defend all religions

13. American Civil Liberties Union • ACLU • Worked to uphold the constitution and civil rights • 1920s worked to help citizens from deportation • Fought against Palmer Raids to clear names of accused • Urged labor unions to meet despite communist & socialist threats

14. Imoprtance • The NAACP did all of the following except • 1. fight for legislation to protect African Americans. • 2. work with anti-lynching organizations. • 3. propose that African Americans move back to Africa. • 4. publish The Crisis.

15. Closure • The American Civil Liberties Union was originally formed to • prevent immigration to America from Japan and Europe. • pass safety measures to protect the health of industrial workers. • organize labor unions for American workers in many industries. • protect Americans' constitutional rights and freedoms.

16. Closure • Which speaker most strongly agrees with the beliefs of the NAACP? • Speaker A: The [African American] demands equality — political equality, industrial equality, and social equality; and he is never going to be satisfied with anything less. •  Speaker B: Equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races are for the preservation of the public peace and good order. • Speaker C: Vocational training will provide the means for African Americans to gain the civil liberties they deserve. • Speaker D: The best answer for the equality of the [African American] lies in a return to his homeland in Africa.