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The ATLAS o f Roma communities in Slovakia Alexander Mu šinka , Prešov University Daniel Škobla , IVPR. The p roject Atlas. Project prepared and implemented within the framework of the cost-sharing programme between the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family and UNDP.
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The ATLAS of Roma communities in Slovakia Alexander Mušinka, Prešov University Daniel Škobla, IVPR
Theproject Atlas • Project prepared and implemented within the framework of the cost-sharing programme between the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family and UNDP. • Key partner: Prešov University, • Other partners: The Office of Roma Plenipotentiary, Associations of villages and towns in Slovakia (ZMOS). • Data were envisaged to serve for the evidence-based policy making in area of social inclusion. • Direct political impact: ATLAS was an ex-ante conditionality for the Partnership agreement for 2014-2020 programming period.
Methodology • 3 sources of information were merged: ATLAS 2004, list of Roma settlements of the Office of the Roma Plenipotentiary, Census 2011 (municipalities with more than 30 individuals self-declared as Roma) • 1,070 municipalities were visited with detailed questionnaire/list (out of total number of 2,890) • In the field-work there were engaged app. 30 researchers (Roma activists, employees of the Roma Plenipotentiary Office, university fellows -app. half of them of Roma ethnicity)
Information were collected on followingtypes of settlements: • Segregated settlements • Settlements/neigbourhoodson the edge of towns/villages • Settlement/neighbourhoods inside the towns/villages • Town/village where Roma are living dispersed among majority population
List of indicators • Total population of settlement • Number of dwelling & type(blocks of apartments/house, bricked/wooden/shacks, etc.) • Basic demographic information (e.g. age distribution) • Educational profile of residents (estimates) • Infrastructure (water/sewage, electricity/gas, lighting, waste disposal, roads, etc.) • Schools (types in the settlement/village/town, estimated numbers of Roma students, ) • Access to services (doctors/shops/pharmacy/bus stops, bankomat,/cultural house/church) • Political participation (ethnic composition of the council, political parties) • Civic participation (presence of NGOs, community centres, field social work) • Estimated unemployment/employment & main employers • Other
Total population by type of settlement • Estimates indicates population of 402 840 (those who are generally considered as “being Roma”). • According to the census by the Statistical Office SR (2011) the total population of Slovakia was 5 404 322 inhabitants – thus the share of Roma according to the Atlas is 7,45 %. • 187 285 lives mixed among majority; in other words 47% of the Roma live mixed (spatially ‘integrated’) with non-Roma. • 51 998 Roma live in settlements inside the municipality = 13% of the Roma population. • 95 971 Roma live in settlements on the edge of municipalities = 23% of Roma population in Slovakia. • 68 540 Roma live in segregated settlements =17,0% of the Roma population.
Settlements by type • There are 804 settlements in 584 municipalities. • There are 246 settlements inside village/town in 179 municipalities. • There are 327 settlements on the edge of the village/town in 305 municipalities. • There are 231 segregated settlements in 195 municipalities (average distance between settlements and village/town is 900 m; the longest distance is 7 km). • In 153 municipalities Roma population do not live dispersed among majority at all – they live in segregated settlements only.
Number and type of dwellings Roma settlements consists of 21,168 dwellings • 1,531 blocks of apartments with 10,411 individual apartments (out of which 4,936 is of “lower standard”) • 8,722 bricked houses (officially registered) • 196 wooden houses (officially registered) • 986 unfinished bricked houses (unofficial) • 3,679 bricked houses (unofficial) • 400 wooden houses (unofficial) • 4,134 shacks (unofficial) • 528 prefabricated cabins (unofficial) • 60 caravans • 62 apartments in non-residential buildings.
Access to water • Out of all dwellings 73% could be connected to water pipelines • 59 % dwellings use it • 30 % dwellings use water from wells • 11 % dwellings is without access to running water and use non-standard sources (river, springs, brooks, etc.) • In 188 Roma settlements in 152 villages/towns public water pipeline is absent • But: out of these 152 towns/villages 71 is with water pipeline (clearly indicating the unequal access to water at the local level).
Access to services • In the period of data collection there were: • 125 municipalities with community centres, out of which 19 were not working, • 66 municipalities were hygienic centres - 11 were not working, • 81 municipalities with church parishes, • 279 municipalities with field social workers, • 39 municipalities with health care mediators.
Roads leading to settlements • 600 settlements with asphalts roads, • 107 settlements with roads partially asphalt combined with other types (panel, gravel etc..), • 22 settlements with concrete roads (panels) combined with other types (gravel etc.), • 50 settlements with only gravel roads, • 25 settlements with only cart-road (´poľná cesta´).
Share of the Roma living in settlements at the edge of village/town
