1. Educational Objectives Quantifying Learning Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

2. Educational Objectives • Motivation • Components • Authorities • Taxonomies in detail • How to • Examples Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

3. Why Write Educational Objectives for Your Course? • To tell students what they will be expected to learn • To ensure that students learn on a number of cognitive levels • To quantify assessment by creating measurable objectives Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

4. Components of an Educational Objective* • The task that the student is to do (i.e., the behavior) • The conditions under which the behavior is to be displayed • The level of achievement expected *Teaching Engineering, Wankat and Oreovicz Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

5. Who has published information about writing objectives? • Bloom • Cognitive Domain – 6 levels • Krathwohl • Affective Domain – 4 levels • Kibler • Psychomotor Domain – 4 levels • Plants, Sears and Dean • Problem Solving Taxonomy – 5 levels Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

6. Bloom’s Taxonomy:Cognitive Domain • Knowledge • Comprehension • Application • Analysis • Synthesis • Evaluation Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

7. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Cognitive Domain • Knowledge – Repeating from memory • Comprehension – Demonstrating understanding of terms and concepts • Applications – Applying learned information to solve a problem Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

8. Bloom’s Taxonomy:Cognitive Domain • Analysis – Breaking things down into their elements, formulating theoretical explanations or mathematical or logical models for observed phenomena • Synthesis – Creating something, combining elements in novel ways • Evaluation – Choosing from alternatives and justifying the choice using specified criteria Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

9. Bloom’s Taxonomy:Cognitive Domain • Descriptive Verbs: • Knowledge – list, identify, summarize • Comprehension – explain, describe, interpret • Application – apply, calculate, solve • Analysis – derive, explain, classify • Synthesis – formulate, design, create • Evaluation – determine, optimize, select Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

10. Krathwohl’s Taxonomy:Affective Domain • Receiving and attending – willing to receive or reject new information • Responding – willing to respond to information • Valuing – decides that information has inherent worth • Organization – organizes values into a system • Characterization by a value – acts in a way that allows others to see his or her underlying values Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

11. Kibler’s Taxonomy: Psychomotor Domain • Gross Body Movements • Finely Coordinated Body Movements • Non-verbal Communication Behaviors • Speech Behaviors Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

12. Plants, Sears, & Dean:Problem Solving Taxonomy • Routines – no decisions required • Diagnosis – selection of correct routine • Strategy – choice of routine and order to apply • Interpretation – solve real world problem requiring assumptions and interpretations • Generation – development of routines that are new to the user Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

13. Educational Objectives • Overall objectives • Outside review of objectives • Detailed objectives for individual sections • Weekly objectives • Daily objectives Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

14. Which Taxonomies Could You Use? • Depends on your course • Bloom’s taxonomy is better known with more examples • Bloom’s taxonomy may not allow definition of physical characteristics or behaviors • Educational objectives for an engineering course may be a combination of cognitive and psychomotor Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

15. Examples – Bloom’s Taxonomy • Knowledge – The student can identify the six orthographic views and oblique and isometric pictorial views • Comprehension - Explain in your own words the concept of vapor pressure • Application – Given two orthographic views of a 3D object, the student can determine the third through sixth orthographic views and draw the pictorial view Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

16. Examples – Bloom’s Taxonomy • Analysis – The student can dimension the orthographic views of an object so that a machinist could produce the object. • Synthesis – Formulate a model-based alternative to the PID controller design • Evaluation – Determine which of the given heat exchanger configurations is better and explain your reasoning Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

17. Examples – Kibler’s Taxonomy • Given a multifaceted block, the student can sketch to scale three orthographic views and a pictorial view of the block • Having completed a team design-build project the student can prepare and deliver a clear, oral project presentation Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

18. References • Wankat, P. C. and F. S. Oreovicz, Teaching Engineering, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993. • Felder, R. M. and R. Brent, “Objectively Speaking”, Chemical Engineering Education, 31(3), 178-179 (1997). • Bloom, B. S., Taxonomy of educational objectives. 1. Cognitive domain. New York, Longman, 1984. Gateway Engineering Education Coalition