What is a knowledge portal?

1. What is a knowledge portal? A website A User Community Knowledge Exchange Knowledge Repository

2. Example: Wikipedia, and other Wikis Technology: Wiki for collaborative authoring of hyperlinked texts. Projects: Wikipedia, MeatBallWiki, WikiNews, WikiTravel, Wiktionary, etc. • Representation: • primary: hyperlinked texts, like HTML • conflict resolution: discussion pages, revision history • Size: • english: 1 Mio. articles/ 1.2 Mio. reg. Users • german: 380.000 articles

3. Example: OpenCPS, and other Question-Answering Technology: formatted objects with optional atomic contributions Projects: Problem-Solving, Question Answering, Forums, etc. • Representation: • primary: hyperlinked texts, like HTML • conflict resolution: discussion pages, revision history • Size: • english: 1 Mio. articles/ 1.2 Mio. reg. Users • german: 380.000 articles

4. Knowledge Sharing Dilemma(Presentation: Roland Müller/ Markus Schaal) To share or not to share („Hoarding“) - that is the Question

5. I R Two-Player Knowledge Sharing   • Actionspace (A) per Player - share (s) or hoard (h) • Reward per Player - reward: A £ A  O 

6. Rewards for Player A (red) A hoards, B shares (hs), hs>ss A,B share (ss), ss>hh Player B reward A,B hoard (hh) A shares, B hoards (sh), sh<hh s h Player A h s

7. Rewards for Player A (red) Player B reward s h Player A h s

8. Rewards for both Players Global Optimum Player B reward Equilibrum s h Player A h s

9. Private vs. Public Private • Excludes important experts • Bounded number of users • Protects private knowledge • Explicit incentives Public • All experts included • Many users possible • Public knowledge repository • Needs time for critical mass

10. Portals • Public Portals • an encyclopedia, providing a coverage of universal knowledge of interest • a dictionary, providing translations between languages or explanations of specific terms • a transport information system, providing the best available route between two doors and starting at a specified time • an event information system, providing trusted information about events • a governance information system, providing decision support information concerning public decisions and people objections in a structured argumentation framework • collaborative authoring of texts • Private Portals are often mission-critical and secret • Vision: Inter-organizational sharing of non-mission critical knowledge.

11. How does it work? • Initial Knowledge Creation: • Private: Paid Experts, Strong Incentives • Public: Altruistic „Idiots“  • Maintenance: • Public: Depends on community size, if the value is high enough -> self-running, otherwise -> dying, Winner-Takes-All (Natural monopoly) • Private: Incentives

12. Trusted Events „Is“ Analysis: • Event infos everywhere • Some trusted sites and newsletters • Generally not reliable, better call the organizer „To Be“ Analysis: • Event Information provided by community • Rating system for trusted event information sources • Automatic federation of trusted sources • „Trusted Events“ as a universal public good

13. Value vs. Trust • Event Information is rated after the event, not the event. • Trust Values in [0,1] are computed for past AND FUTURE events. • The anticipated trust value is shown to the user. • The trust value can be interpreted as • probability to take place in the expected manner • fuzzy membership in „Event takes place as expected“ • NOTE: The trust value is NOT the value of the event information.

14. „Trusted Events“ – a Senior Design Project • 4 students, specializing in trust (1), general architecture (1), gui issues (1) and security (1), respectively. • The rest of this session is organized as follows: • Presentation of the prototype and general architecture (NN) • Presentation of the trust assissment and processing (NN) • Presentation of GUI issues and their consideration during design and in the prototype (NN) • Presentation of security issues and their consideration during design and in the prototype (NN)