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Evolution of Cable Television: From Local Stations to Global Networks

Explore the transformation of cable television from its humble 1950s beginnings to the modern era of global network broadcasting. Witness the rise of cable exclusives, regulatory challenges, consolidation, and the impact of new technologies. Discover how cable TV has evolved to offer a vast array of channels and services to viewers worldwide.

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Evolution of Cable Television: From Local Stations to Global Networks

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  1. 1950s Community Antennas- extension of broadcasting Initially small cottage industry By 1953, more stations. CATV begins to import distant programming (via microwave) to compete 1950: 70 systems, 14,000 subs 1960s Channel Expansions (up to 12) -Need more programming -Begin cable exclusives (movies) Broadcasters start feeling threatened 1966 beginning of move toward regulation 1962: 800 systems 850,000 subs Cable's rise

  2. 1970s Consolidation into MSOs. By 1972, 10 largest MSOs had over 35% of cable households [network effects + scale --like ATT] -          bought neighboring systems (mgmnt benefits) -          large investment requirements (scale ecos) -          programming negotiations (favor larger players) -          franchise negotiation (favor larger players) 1972: Regulation (must carry, programming restrictions, PEG channels) new competition: satellite HBO (72), Turner Bcasting, WTBS (sports/classic movies) End 70s, 15m subs 1980s Boom years 1984: deregulation 1980: 28 cable networks By 89, 74 cable networks, 53 m subs

  3. 1990s CATV available to 97% of TV households average house gets over 40 channels 45% get more than 54 channels Many systems being re-built (digital tech) 97: 55% of cable homes passed by newer systems (more channels and 2-way) 1992: re-regulation – must-carry vs. retransmission consent New competition? -          MMDS (multichannel multipoint distrib service), or "wireless cable" -          DBS (Direct bcasting TV) - directTV 1995: 139 cable networks 65m subs

  4. Average monthly cable rates

  5. Current broadcasting policy issues • Transition to HDTV / DTV • Standards • Allocation of new spectrum • Progressive lifting of Ownership / Cross-ownership restrictions • Convergence cable – telephony • Broadband internet

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