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Classical Conditioning: Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

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Classical Conditioning: Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities. Chapter 4. Respondent Conditioning. Acquisition Magnitude of CR increases over repeated pairings Asymptote for CR Asymptote for CR function of intensity of US Extinction

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Classical Conditioning: Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

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  1. Classical Conditioning: Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities Chapter 4 Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  2. Respondent Conditioning • Acquisition • Magnitude of CR increases over repeated pairings • Asymptote for CR • Asymptote for CR function of intensity of US • Extinction • Repeated presentation of CS only results in a decrement of CR Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  3. Respondent Conditioning • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Increase in CR after extinction after passage of time. • Internal inhibition (Pavlov blocking of CS-CR relationship) • Disinhibition – sudden recovery of a response during an extinction procedure following presentation of a novel stimulus. • CS-CR relationship weakened (Behavioral Analysis). Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  4. Stimulus Generalization • Stimulus generalization – is the tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the CS • Semantic generalization – generalization of a conditioned response to verbal stimuli similar in meaning to CS Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  5. Generalization • CR occurs to values of CS not trained during acquisition. Salivation (in cc’s) Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  6. Stimulus Discrimination • Stimulus discrimination – tendency for a response to be elicited by one stimulus and not another. • Discrimination training • Peak Shift • Experimental Neurosis Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  7. Higher Order Conditioning • Second order conditioning • CS1 paired with US • CS2 paired with CS1 • CS2  CR • Sensory Preconditioning • CS1 paired with CS2 • CS1 paired with US • CS2  CR Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  8. Limitations to Classical Conditioning • Compound Stimulus – simultaneous presentation of two or more individual stimuli. • Overshadowing – most salient member of a stimulus more readily conditioned as a CS • Blocking – presence of an established CS interferes with the conditioning of a new CS • Latent inhibition – familiar stimulus more difficult to condition as a CS than an unfamiliar stimulus. • schizophrenia Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  9. Additional Phenomena • Temporal Conditioning – CS is passage of time • Occasion setting – signal signals CS is likely to be followed US • US Revaluation – post conditioning presentation of the US at a different level of intensity thereby altering the strength of the response to the CS • Pseudoconditioning – an elicited response that appears to be a CR is the result of sensitization. • Pseudoconditioning control Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

  10. Applications • Psychological Disorders • Phobias • Overgeneralizations • Neurosis • Treatments • Systematic Desensitization • Extinction of CR to Drug Related CSs Dr. Steven I. Dworkin

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