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Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson

Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson. Plant Structure Terms Used for a specific structure/organ. Plant Habit = general form of a plant, encompassing stem duration and branching pattern, development, or texture. Herb - plant with annual above-ground parts

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Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson

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  1. Plant MorphologyMichael G. Simpson Plant Structure Terms Used for a specific structure/organ

  2. Plant Habit = general form of a plant, encompassing stem duration and branching pattern, development, or texture. Herb - plant with annual above-ground parts Geophyte - perennial herb with rootstock Vine - weak stemmed Liana - woody vine Shrub - woody, multiple stems from base Subshrub - woody just above ground Tree - woody, one trunk

  3. Plant Duration = how long a plant lives. Annual- ≤ 1 year Biennial- 2 years Perennial- 3 or more years

  4. Plant Habitat = environment where plant lives. Terrestrial Aquatic Submersed Floating Emergent Epiphytic Saxicolous

  5. Plant Life Form = structure, life cycle, physiology. Therophyte – annual Geophyte – perennial herb Epiphyte – plant growing on another plant Halophyte – salt-adapted plants Succulent – plant with fleshy leaves or stems Xerophyte – plant living in dry, hot environments

  6. Roots Function - absorption, anchorage Structure - rootcap, root hairs, endodermis Adventitious roots - arise from non-root organ Lateral roots - arise from another root (1˚, 2˚, etc.)

  7. Root Types/Parts taproot fibrous prop haustorial

  8. Root Types/Parts storage roots Raphanus sativus, radish

  9. Root Types/Parts buttress roots Ficus rubiginosa, rusty-leaved fig

  10. Root Types/Parts pneumatophores Avicennia germinans, black mangrove

  11. Root Types/Parts prop roots (also adventitious)

  12. Shoot = stem + associated leaves

  13. Each leaf primordium develops into one leaf.Caryota sp. Arecaceaeca. 20 feet long!

  14. Stem (Shoot) Types areole bulb caudex caudiciform stem

  15. Stem (Shoot) Types cladode corm culm fascicle/ short shoot rhizome

  16. Stem (Shoot) Types tendril tuber scape stolon/runner thorn tiller

  17. Stem (Shoot) Types pachycaul pseudobulb

  18. Stem Habit =relative position of stem (+ growth, structure) prostrate acaulescent caulescent cespitose repent arborescent suffrutescent decumbent

  19. Stem Branching Pattern sympodial monopodial dichotomous sympodial

  20. Twig Structure collateral superposed pseudoterminal naked infrapetiolar

  21. Leaf Structural Type bractlets scale bract phyllode tendril (leaf) unifacial leaf spine

  22. Leaf Structural Type Bract (flower) Epicalyx Bud Scale

  23. Leaf Structural Type Phyllode - Acacia spp. (Fabaceae)

  24. Leaf Structural Type Tendril - Lathyrus (Fabaceae)

  25. Leaf Structural Type Stipular Spine - Euphorbia spp. (Euphorbiaceae)

  26. Leaf Structural Type Petiolar Spine - Fouquieriasplendens Ocotillo (Fouquieriaceae)

  27. Leaf Structural Type Leaf Spine (arising from areole) - Cactaceae

  28. Sharp things thorn - sharp-pointed stem/shoot (fr. axillary bud) spine - sharp-pointed leaf or leaf partleaf spine (also leaflet spine)stipular spine petiolar spine prickle - sharp pointed epidermal appendage

  29. Leaf Structural Type Pitcher Leaf - Nepenthes (Nepenthac.) Sarracenia (Sarraceniac.)

  30. Leaf Structural Type Tentacular Leaf - Drosera spp Sundew (Droseraceae)

  31. Leaf Structural Type Trap Leaf - Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap (Droseraceae)

  32. Leaf Structural Type Dionaea muscipula Venus Fly Trap (Droseraceae)

  33. Leaf Structural Type Iris sp. unifacial

  34. Seismonasty Mimosa pudica Fabaceae

  35. Leaf Type / Parts imparipinnate bipinnately compound simple paripinnate pinnately compound

  36. Leaf Type / Parts palmate-ternate pinnate-ternate biternately compound palmately compound ternately compound = trifoliolate

  37. Leaf Type / Parts geminate bigeminate costa-palmate unifoliolate geminate-pinnate

  38. petiolate sheathing decurrent amplexicaul perfoliate connate-perfoliate sessile

  39. Leaf Venation

  40. Leaf Venation

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