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A Brief Summary of Future Projects / Missions for Astrophysics & Cosmology

A Brief Summary of Future Projects / Missions for Astrophysics & Cosmology. 5 th Dec., 2003 Hideo Matsuhara ISAS, JAXA. Optical –NIR(≦2 m m): Extremely Large Ground-based Telescopes (ELGTs). CELT (California Extremely Large Telescope). UC+Caltech M1: 30m segmented M2: 3.9m l =0.3-20 m m

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A Brief Summary of Future Projects / Missions for Astrophysics & Cosmology

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  1. A Brief Summary of Future Projects / Missions for Astrophysics & Cosmology 5th Dec., 2003 Hideo Matsuhara ISAS, JAXA

  2. Optical –NIR(≦2mm):Extremely Large Ground-based Telescopes (ELGTs)

  3. CELT(California Extremely Large Telescope) • UC+Caltech • M1: 30m segmented • M2: 3.9m • l=0.3-20mm • Diffraction limited with AO

  4. GSMT(Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope) • NOAO • M1: 30m segmented • M2: 2m • FOV: 6arcmin • Probably merged to CELT

  5. OWL(OverWhelmingly Large Telescope) • ESO • M1: 100m segmented, spherical • M2: 34m plane mirror • FOV: 10 arcmin • l=0.21-12mm

  6. Euro50 • Sweden • M1: 50m segmented, elliptical • Unification of OWL, Euro50, & NGCFHT(CFHT replace) has been agreed. • Construction will start after ALMA.

  7. Science with ELGTs • Large collective area • High spatial resolution • High-dispersion(=large volume) spectroscopy • Internal 3D structure of z=3~20 LAE • morphology evolution of z=2~6 galaxies

  8. Infrared ~ Submillimeter:Space Telescopes

  9. Astronomy Satelites(ESA related)

  10. SIRTF vs ASTRO-F • ASTRO-F　（２００５） • 70cm、<6K • 2－200mm • SIRTF（２００３） • 85cm、<5.5K • 3－180mm

  11. SIRTFvsASTRO-F

  12. WISE(Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) • Dedicated for Survey • Mid-IR version of 2MASS survey • Diameter: 0.5m • Wavelength: 3.5 – 23mm • Spatial resolution: 5” • Launch: 2007? Orbit: polar 600km • NASA MIDEX, under selection process • Life: 6 months

  13. SNAP(SuperNovae / Acceleration Probe) • Specific purpose • Cosmological constant / dark energy • Diameter : 2.0m • Wavelength: 0.35 – 1.7mm • FOV: 35arcmin2 x 2 (opt & NIR) • Orbit: “Prometheus” orbit • Launch: 2014 • NASA, DOE funds have been approved by Council • Life : more than 2.5 years

  14. SNAP (cont.) • Cosmological Constant / Dark Energy models • Main target: • Over 2000 SN Ia at 0.1<z<1.7 (7.5 deg2 x 2 ) • Weak Lensing (300 deg2)

  15. Next Generation IR Space Observatories • JWST　（2010） • 6.5m、30K • 0.6~27mm • Hershel　（2007） • 3.5m、70K • 60~670mm • SPICA（2010?） • 3.5m、＜5K • 5~200mm main

  16. S-E L2 JWST Hershel SPICA

  17. JWST(James Webb Space Telescope) • General purpose space telescope • Diameter: 6.5m, T<50K • Launch: 2010, ~5 year life • Wavelength: 0.6-10mm • NIRCAM • 0.6-5mm, 2’.3x4’.6x2, R=100 tunable filter • NIRSPEC • 0.6-5mm, 3’x3’ MOS with micro shutter (or IFU) • Spectra of 100 objects per exposure • MIRI • 5-27mm, 1’.5x1’.5 • R=100, 1500-3000 spectroscopy

  18. SPICASpace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics • Telescope: 3.5m, 4.5 K • JWST(20-40K), HSO(80K) • Core λ: 5-200 μm • Complementary to JWST (Opt-NIR), HSO (Sub-mm) • Orbit: Sun-Earth L2 Halo • Warm Launch, Cooling on Orbit • Total Weight: 2.6 t • Launch: ～2010 by HIIA • ~5 year life

  19. SPICA (cont.) • Focal Plane Instruments (preliminary) • under discussion!! • Imaging: • 6’x6’ @ 2-25 microns • 4’x4’ @ 50-200 microns • 25-50 micron & Submm imagers are also under consideration • Spectroscopy: • Mandatory but design is not fixed • R=1000~3000 @ 2-25, 50-200 microns

  20. Herschel Space Observatory • ESA • Lauch: 2007, 3 years life • Telescope: 3.5m, 80K • Wavelength: 60-670mm • PACS ( l=60-210mm) • Imaging: 1’.75x3’.5 • Spectroscopy: R=2000 • SPIRE( l=200-600mm) • Imaging: 4’x8’ • Spectroscopy: R=100-1000 • HIFI

  21. Point-source Sensitivity of IR Telescopes

  22. Submm ~ radioon-going & near-future projects @ Space & Ground

  23. PLANCK • ESA • Launch: 2007 (together with Herschel) • 1.5 m telescope • CMB anisotropy over the whole sky (in 15 months) • Similar (better?) angular resolution with WMAP(~0.2deg) • wider wavelength coverage than WMAP, 0.3 – 10mm

  24. LMT(Large Millimeter Telescope) • UMass(US) & INAOE (Mexico) • Telescope: 50m, under construction(~2004) in Mexico • Wavelength: 1 - 4mm

  25. LMT (cont.) LMT/BOLOCAM • Expand Submm survey capability! • 10deg2, 1mJy in 200 hours • Millimeter spectroscopy of high-z galaxies • Redshifted CO lines: at high-z, two adjacent J-transitions dn=115/(1+z) GHz JCMT/SCUBA

  26. ALMA(Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter array) • US, Europe & Japan • Synthesized Telescopes: 12m x 80 • Frequency: 80-890 GHz • 0”.1-0”.01 Angular resolution

  27. Far-Future(~2020) Plan….

  28. SAFIR • Included in NASA space science road map • 10 m telescope cooled to 4K • Wavelength: 15-600mm • Natural-background-limited sensitivity • Diffraction-limited angular resolution at ~40mm

  29. SPIRIT & SPECS • FIR & Submm space interferometer • 1km maximum baseline • Sensitivity comparable to that of SAFIR • Far better angular resolution than SAFIR

  30. Angular resolution of SAFIR, SPIRIT, SPECS

  31. SKA(Square Kilometer Array) • USA, Europe, Australia, Canada, China, India • 106 m2 collective area • 100 times better sensitivity than the current VLA one • 30 x 200m Arecibo-like telescope, or 150 x 90m telescope • Frequency: 0.15 -20 GHz • Angular resolution: 0”.1@ 1.4GHz • Imaging FOV: 1deg2 @ 1.4GHz

  32. SKA (Cont.) • Primary Scientific Objectives • Map structure of primordial hydrogen gas at z=6-20 • Large scale structure of the Universe at z=1-5 (“cosmic web” of HI and galaxy halos) • Evolution of heavy elements • Redshifted molecular lines • Dark matter probe • HI rotation curves to z=0.5

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