Unit Ten Inventions The Second Two Periods

1. Unit Ten Inventions The Second Two Periods Designed by Sun Yanmin

2. Teaching Objective • Master the key words and structures. • Be able to understand the importance of the invention of LED and the significance of this invention to our life.

3. base on • be made up of • by contrast • be about to do • be worth doing • translating long sentences; • recognizing three kinds of paragraphs Key Points

4. Teaching Procedures • Lead in Activity • Study of the Text • Study of Words and Phrases • Study of the Translation Skills • Study of the Writing Guidance • Study of Read More • Study of Practical Reading • Study of Practical Writing

5. Unit Ten Inventions Lead In 1. Thomas Edison 2. Shuji Nakamura 3. Nichia Chemicals 4. Shikoku 5. Topic-related Words and Phrases

6. Unit Ten Inventions Born in 1847, Thomas Alva Edison was both a scientist and an inventor. He would see tremendous change take place in his lifetime. His inventions included night lights, movies, telephones, records and CDs. In his lifetime, Edison patented 1,093 inventions, earning him the nickname “The Wizard of Menlo Park.” He believed in hard work and said “Genius is one percent inspirationand 99 percent perspiration.” Thomas Edison

7. Unit Ten Inventions Shuji Nakamura Shuji Nakamura is the creator of blue, green and white LEDs and blue lasers. He grew up on the southern island of Shikoku, Japan and received his degree from the University of Tokushima, Japan. Known for his technological wizardry with semi-conducting gallium nitrides

8. Unit Ten Inventions Nichia Chemicals Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd. is the world’s leading manufacturer of GaN-based blue, green, and white LEDs and phosphors for lighting and CRTs. This company was founded in 1956 by Nobuo Ogawa to develop fluorescent lamp phosphors. The company has gained worldwide recognition for Dr. Shuji Nakamura’s achievements of bright blue, green and white LEDs and more recently, long life CW blue laser diodes.

9. Unit Ten Inventions Shikoku

10. Unit Ten Inventions Shikoku is the smallest of Japan’s four main islands and perhaps its least visited. But it does have something to offer, such as the Awa Odori festival, Matsuyama Castle, a beautiful coastline and the best noodles in Japan. It is famous for the 100,000 or so O-henro-san (pilgrims), dressed in white, who visit 88 temples on the island in a set order each year. The pilgrimage was originated by the Buddhist priest Kukai, considered the father of Japanese culture.

11. Unit Ten Inventions The island is made up of four prefectures, Ehime, Kochi, Kagawa and Tokushima. The region was not very developed until the construction of several bridges to connect Shikoku with the mainland of Honshu. From Tokyo by air, it takes about 1 hour and 10 minutes to Takamatsu or Tokushima, or an extra 20 minutes to Matsuyama. There are also many ferry routes between Shikoku, Honshu and Kyushu.

12. Unit Ten Inventions Topic-related Words and Phrases automation n. the conversion of a workplace to one that replaces or minimizes human labor with mechanical or electronic machines or processes 自动化 production line: a sequence of machines or processes in a factory through which the products pass until they are fully assembled 生产线

13. Unit Ten Inventions specification n. a detailed description of how something should be done, made, etc. 规格 spectrum n. the set of colors into which a beam of light can be separated, or a range of waves, such as light waves or radio waves 光谱

14. Unit Ten Inventions Text study • Global reading • Detailed reading

15. Unit Ten Inventions • Global reading • Questions and answers • Text analysis

16. Unit Ten Inventions Questions and Answers Paragraph 1: Question: What is the basic idea of a light bulb? The basic idea of a light bulb is to heat a very thin wire with electricity until it glows brightly.

17. Unit Ten Inventions Paragraph 2: Question: What is the major difference between the LED and the light bulb? The LED converts electricity into light without heating up. Paragraph 3: Question: Why did the author mention about the blue LED? Because without a bright blue LED, it was impossible to make white light.

18. Unit Ten Inventions Paragraph 4: Question: What made the scientists around the world surprised? The discovery of the blue LED was made by a young Japanese researcher. Paragraph 5: Why did the author mention the chemical compound gallium nitride? Question: It was commonly thought as an impossible solution to a blue LED.

19. Unit Ten Inventions Paragraph 6: Why did the author say Nakamura was very fortunate? Because he not only received financial support from his boss but also benefited from the research of another scientist, which made it easier to develop a blue LED from gallium nitride.

20. Unit Ten Inventions Paragraph 7: What did the author say about the future of the LED? The author said that the LED would surely take the place of the common light bulb when the prices come down.

21. Unit Ten Inventions Text analysis The light bulb is a good technology that was thought almost impossible to improve. Development of the LED: it is a smaller, more endurable and highly energy efficient electronic device that can convert electricity into light. Competition in discovering the LED: scientists all over the world were competing to make a blue LED. Final discovery of the LED: to everybody’s amazement, the discovery of the first blue LED was made by a young Japanese researcher.

22. Unit Ten Inventions • modifyv. 1) change something such as a plan, opinion, law or way of behavior slightly, usually to improve it or make it moreacceptable修改，使易接受 eg. Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behavior. 2) limit the sense of 修饰 eg In the sentence “She ran quickly,” the adverb “quickly” modifies the verb “ran.”

23. Unit Ten Inventions modify 3) be hot or red from exercising 发热 eg,.When we got back from our walk in the snow, my whole body was glowing. 2. n. 1) when something produces a continuous light and/or heat

24. Unit Ten Inventions • device n. • 1) an object or machine which has been invented to fulfill a particular purpose 设备；仪器；器件 Eg. Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. 2) a method which is used to produce a desired effect 方法，谋略，策略 Her cool manner is just a device to avoid having to talk to people.

25. Unit Ten Inventions convert 1. v. (cause sth. or sb. to) change in form, character or opinion 转变；变换 Eg. Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom? I used not to like exercise, but my sister has converted me (to it ). 2. n. someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living 改变信仰、党派或意见等 a convert to vegetarianism/whole meal bread

26. Unit Ten Inventions • consume v. • 1) use fuel, energy or time, especially in largeamounts Eg. Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil. 2) (formal) eat or drink, especially a lot of something 消耗，大吃大喝 Eg. He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.

27. Unit Ten Inventions • standard 1. adj. • 1) usual rather than special, especially when thoughtof as being correct or acceptable 标准的 Eg. These are standard procedures for handling radioactive waste. 2) Language described as standard is the form of that language which is considered acceptable and correct by most educated users of it. (用来衡量重量和纯度的) 标准的，基准的 Eg. Most announcers on the BBC speak standard English.

28. Assignments • Read the text again and again • Learn the words and phrases by your heart after class, next time we’ll have a dictation. • Do ex. 2, 3, 4-Model 3, 6.