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B R I C S Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa

H.E. Mr. Gilberto Fonseca Guimarães de Moura , Ambassador of Brazil to Slovenia Roundtable EU and BRICS Academy of Active Citizenship and Entrepreneurship 13 May 2012. B R I C S Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa. B R I C S. BRICS: Origin.

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B R I C S Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa

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  1. H.E. Mr. Gilberto FonsecaGuimarães de Moura, Ambassador of Brazil to Slovenia Roundtable EU and BRICS Academy of Active Citizenship and Entrepreneurship 13 May 2012 BRICSBrazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa

  2. BRICS

  3. BRICS: Origin • 2001:“Building Better Global Economic BRICs”. PaperbyJim O’Neil, from Goldman Sachs. • 2003:“Dreaming with BRICs: the path to 2050”: written by Dominic Wilson and Roopa Purushothaman from Goldman Sachs. Paper about the evolution of global economy until 2050, proposes new category composed of the four major emerging economies.

  4. BRICS: Concept • The “BRICs” idea was immediately adopted by analysts and the media. • The growth of these countries would be the new building blocs – “bricks” – of the world economy by 2050. • Brazil, Russia, India and China were singled out due to their economic indicators and their potential, in relation to other developing countries.

  5. BRICs: Chart of Indicators 26 % of Earth's land area 42 % of world's population 46% of world’s work force 19 % of world´s nominal GDP (26 % of GDP PPP)

  6. BRICS: Comparative Graphic According to the International Monetary Fund in 2011 the EU joint nominal GDP in billion USD was 17,577.691Source http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=94&pr1.y=8&c=001%2C998&s=NGDPD&grp=1&a=1

  7. BRICs: GDP Relevant data: • An IMF forecast (January 2012) predicted that the five BRICS countries will contribute 56% of the world’s GDP growth in 2012. Comparatively, the contributions of the G-7 to global economic growth will be approximately 9%, and   Latin America as a whole is expected to contribute 9.5%. • From 2003 to 2007, the growth of BRIC countries represented 65% of the world’s GDP expansion. • In PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), BRIC’s GDP is already greater than that of the USA or the EU (CountryGDP (PPP) $Millionfor 2011: World 78,897,426 European Union 15,821,264 BRICS 20,990,530  United States 15,094,025  China 11,299,967  India 4,457,784  Japan 4,440,376  Germany 3,100,080  Russia 2,383,402  Brazil 2,294,243; Source: International Monetary Fund)

  8. CountryGDP (PPP) $Millionfor 2011 Source: International Monetary Fund

  9. BRICS: Comparative graphics • Significant drop of all countries but the BRICs manage to stay in positive numbers

  10. BRICS: Trade Flow • Between 2003 to 2010 (US$ billion): • Brazil-Russia: 2  6 • Brazil-India: 1  7,7 • Brazil-China: 6,7  56 • Brazil-South Africa: 1  2 - Brazil-BRICS: 10,7  71,7 Increase of 570%

  11. Foreign Trade of the BRICS countries with the EUSource: Eurostat, European Statistical Office

  12. ForeignTrade of the BRICS countries with SloveniaSource: Eurostat, European Statistical Office

  13. Foreign Trade of the BRICS countries with Sloveniain 1000 EURSource: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  14. Bilateral trade Slovenia- Brazil 2005-2011 Source: Izvozno okno, Statistic Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  15. Bilateral trade Slovenia-Russia 2005-2011 Source: Izvozno okno, Statistic Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  16. Bilateral trade Slovenia - India 2005-2011Source: Izvozno okno, Statistic Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  17. Bilateral trade Slovenia – China 2005-2011Source: Izvozno okno, Statistic Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  18. Bilateral trade Slovenia – South Africa 2005-2011 Source: Izvozno okno, Statistic Office of the Republic of Slovenia

  19. BRICs: Characteristics • Vast land area • Challenges related to economic and social integration • Desire to make the international order more representative • Possibility of cooperation in many areas

  20. From BRICs to BRICS • Institutionalization at the Ekaterinburg Ministerial: the BRIC (singular), implied the establishment of a dynamic of cooperation among the four countries, which had originally been placed side to side due to their individual characteristics (the BRICs, plural) • The BRIC became a mechanism through which the countries can exchange opinions, seek convergence, identify areas of cooperation and influence the international agenda. • With the entrance of South Africa, at the 3rd BRICS Summit, in April 2011, the BRIC became BRICS, with capital "S".

  21. Entrance of South Africa • It brings an important contribution to the Group because of its economic importance in Africa, constructive political action and its geographic representation. With South Africa, the BRICS, as it is now called, includes countries from all continents except Oceania. • The entrance of the fifth country represents a detachment of the group in relation to the acronym originated in the financial markets, highlighting the search of the five countries to form a group with its own features and agenda. • It is noteworthy that the creator of the acronym BRIC manifested, after the Summit in Sanya, a certain perplexity with the new member. In his analysis, however, Jim O'Neill took into account only his perspective, focused on economic elements. But as a diplomatic group, the BRICS can reinvent itself, and this is what it is doing. • The consensual approach is that the interaction between the five countries is done and will continue to be done without an element of confrontation. The group is open to an increased engagement and cooperation with third countries, as well as international and regional organizations.

  22. BRIC in diplomacy • September 2006: 1st Meeting of Foreign Ministers, at the margin of the 61st UNGA • Since then, the BRICS Foreign Ministers meet every year at the margin of the UNGA sessions • May 2008: 1st Ministerial Meeting, in Yekaterinburg • July 2008: Informal meeting of BRIC’s Heads of State and Government, at the G-8 Summit, in Hokkaido

  23. 1st BRIC Summit • June 16, 2009: 1st SummitofHeadsofStateandGovernment, in Yekaterinburg. The summit's focus was on means of improving the global economic situation and reforming financial institutions and discussed how the four countries could better co-operate in the future. • 2 documentsissued: • JointStatement • JointStatementon Global Food Security

  24. 1st BRIC Summit

  25. 2nd BRIC Summit • April 15th, 2010, in Brasília • Leaders signed a Joint Statement • The leaders discussed various current issues including the Iran and nuclear weapons, development, the furtherance of the BRIC (and IBSA that was occurring at the same time) as an international body, the global economic situation at the time, reform of financial institutions, the financial G20, and cooperation and issues related to global governance • Meetings held at the margin of the Summit: - Meeting of BRIC Cooperatives (Brasília)- IBSA+BRIC Business Forum (Rio de Janeiro)- BRIC Think Tanks Seminar (Brasília)- Meeting of BRIC Development Banks (Rio de Janeiro)

  26. 2nd BRIC Summit

  27. 3rd BRICS Summit • April 14th, 2011, in Sanya, China. • Joint Declaration issued, including an Action Plan listing events and initiatives to be organized in 2011. • The Summit discussed Economy, International law, United Nations Security Council reform, Trade medium and Libyan civil war • Associated to the Summit, the following events were organized: Think Tanks Seminar in Beijing, the 2nd BRICS Business Forum, in Sanya, and the Meeting of BRICS Development Banks, also in Sanya. • Trade ministers discussed the Doha Round, exchange rates and commodity prices.

  28. 3rd BRICS Summit

  29. 4th BRICS Summit • March 29th, 2012, in New Delhi, India. • The Leaders meeting consolidated the mechanism and deepened intra-group dialogue, especially in the financial and economic area. • The Leaders approved the creation of a Working Group to study the implementation of a Development Bank, for mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries. • The Development Banks Presidents met and approved two agreements to facilitate trade in local currencies. • Associated to the Summit, the following events were organized: Trade ministers meeting, Business Forum, Financial Forum, Academic Forum.

  30. 4th BRICS Summit • The Delhi Declaration, issued at the meeting, shows that the BRICS are able to achieve important common denominators. Besides subjects related to the international economic and financial agenda, the document covers peace and security, environment, energy, among others issues. • The Declaration mentioned the reform of the United Nations and international financial governance.

  31. 4th BRICS Summit

  32. BRICS – Next Summit 2013, in South Africa

  33. BRICS: Policy coordination The BRICS share many interests related to the construction of a new global governance – therefore, they could identify common agendas and principles: - Commitment to multilateral diplomacy with the United Nations playing the central role in dealing with global challenges and threats. In this respect, BRICS reaffirm the need for a comprehensive reform of the UN, including its Security Council,with a view to making it more effective, efficient and representative - The voice of emerging and developing countries should have greater resonance in international relations - The coping of climate change. BRICS support the Cancun Agreements and are ready to make concerted efforts with the rest of the international community to bring a successful conclusion to the negotiations at the Durban Conference applying the mandate of the Bali Roadmap and in line with the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities - The Doha Round. BRICS share the same positions about the round - Strong condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations; the United Nations has a central role in coordinating the international action against terrorism - Support the Group of Twenty (G20) in playing a bigger role in global economic governance as the premier forum for international economic cooperation - Support the reform and improvement of the international monetary and financial system, whose inadequacies and deficiencies were evident with the international financial crisis

  34. BRICS: Areas of cooperation

  35. Finance • In November 2008, the 1st Meeting of BRIC Finance Ministers was held, on the sidelines of the G-20 Ministerial in São Paulo. • Since then, BRICS Finance Ministers and Central Bank Presidents often gather on the sidelines of G-20 and IMF meetings. • These meetings have an important role in the consolidation process of the group, which claim more active participation of developing countries in the reform of international financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank. • The BRICS Leaders met on the sidelines of the G-20 Summit in Cannes (November 8th, 2011) to discuss matters related to the Euro Zone) • The last meeting of BRICS Finance Ministers was held on the sidelines of the G-20 meeting in Mexico City (February 25th, 2012).

  36. Agriculture • March 2010: Meeting of BRIC Agriculture and Agricultural Development Ministers, in Moscow. Joint Communiqué proposes: 1) Creation of a BRIC agricultural information system 2) Development of a general strategy for ensuring access to food for the most vulnerable population 3) Reduction of the negative impact of climate change on food security and adaptation of agriculture to climatic changes 4) Enhance agricultural technology cooperation and innovation • August 2011: 1st Meeting of the BRICS agricultural experts WG, in Beijing. • October 2011: 2nd Ministerial Meeting, in Chengdu.

  37. Health • May 2011: Meeting ofHealthMinistersonthemarginsofthe 64th World HealthAssembly. • July 2011: 1st Meeting ofHealthMinisters, in Beijing. • September, 2011: Meeting ofHealthMinistersonthemarginsofthe UN HighLevel Meeting onNon-communicableDiseases”. Issuesdiscussed: • Promoteadequateaccess to healthservices and medicines • Reformof WHO • Strengthening of health systems and health financing • Transfer of technology to strengthen innovation capacity to benefit public health in developing countries

  38. Strategy and Security • May 2009: 1st Meeting of High Level Representatives on Security, in Moscow. • April 2010: 2nd Meeting, in Brasília • October 2010: BRIC meeting on the sidelines of the International Security Meeting in Sochi (Russia). • Discussed Topics: - Global governance and multilateralism - Exchange of views on issues which occupy the top of the international agenda, from the strategic and security point of view, such as disarmament and nonproliferation; long-term energy security.

  39. Statistics • February 2010: 1st Meeting of Heads of Statistical Intitutions of the BRIC, in New York, on the sidelines of the meeting of the UN Statistical Committee.- Release of the BRIC Statistics Publication (in the 2nd Summit) • December 2010: 2nd Meeting of Heads of Statistical Intitutions of the BRIC (Rio de Janeiro)- Release of updated version of the Statistics Publication, already with South Africa data (in the 3rd Summit) • March 2012: release of the 3rd version of the statistics publication, in New Delhi

  40. Other events in 2011 Over 25 BRICS events were organized in 2011. Some of them are listed below: • September 15th : meeting of BRICS Senior Officials in science, technology & innovation areas, in Dalian. • September 23rd: 6th Meeting of Foreign Ministers, at the margin of the 66th UNGA. • December 3rd: First Conference of BRICS Sister Cities and Local Governments, in Beijing. • December 2nd: Meeting of the Contact Group for Trade and Economic Issues, in Beijing • December 14th: BRICS Trade Ministers meeting, on the margin of the 8th WTO Meeting, in Geneva

  41. BRIC(S) OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS • Finance Ministers • Note: BRICS finance ministers usually meet on the margins of G20 meetings and the regular meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. • 2011: September 22, Washington DC, United States • BRICS finance ministers communiqué • 2009: March 14, Horsham, United Kingdom • BRIC finance ministers communiqué • 2008: November, Sao Paulo, Brazil • BRIC finance ministers • Foreign Ministers • 2011: November 24, Moscow, Russia • BRICS deputy foreign ministers communiqué • 2011: September 21, New York • Health Ministers • 2011: July 11, Beijing, China • BRICS health ministers declaration • Trade Ministers • 2011: December 14, Geneva, Switzerland • BRICS trade ministers declaration • 2011: April 13 • BRICS trade and economic ministers • 2010: April, Rio de Janeiro • BRICS trade ministers Summits • 2012: March 29, New Delhi, India • 2012 Delhi Declaration and Delhi Action Plan • BRICS Report: ExecutiveSummary • Statement on Agreements between BRICS Development Banks • 2011: April 14, Sanya, China • BRICS leadersdeclaration • 2010: April 15, Brasilia, Brazil • BRIC leadersjointstatement • 2009: June 16, Yekaterinburg, Russia • BRIC leadersjointstatement • BRIC Joint Statement on Global Food Safety Agriculture Ministers • 2012: India • 2011: October 29-30, Chengdu, China • • BRICS agriculture ministers declaration • • Action Plan 2012-2016 for Agricultural Cooperation of BRICS Countries • • Working Procedures for Agricultural Cooperation Working Group • 2011: August, Beijing, China • • First meeting of the BRICS Agricultural Cooperation Working Group • 2010: March 26, Moscow, Russia • • BRIC agriculture ministers declaration

  42. BRICS - Conclusion • The BRICS, in its current configuration, fulfills the need of strengthening centers of influence in global governance which could contribute to the establishment of a “positive multipolarity" in international affairs. • The group aims at not only defending the interests of its members, but also aims at broader goals, such as opening spaces for dialogue that could facilitate a systemic re-accommodation of the international order. The mechanism wishes to strengthen multilateralism. • The BRICS is at a significant moment of consolidation. The group demonstrated at the Declaration of New Delhi that it can reach broader and significant consensus. • Extending beyond the original concept, the BRICS is today an exciting and promising mechanism not only for intra-group cooperation, but also to promote real change in global governance.

  43. From the Brazilian point of view, it is necessary to stress that Brazil does not have confrontational intentions as it can be seen in its international action open to engagement, in its efforts to strengthen multilateralism and cooperation with third countries and in its constructive activities in the framework of G-20.  • The Forum does not want to replicate old patterns of asymmetric and dominating relations. The BRICS are interested in creating new innovative mechanisms capable of dialogue and cooperation as stated in the 6th paragraph of the Sanya Declaration: “we reiterate that such cooperation is inclusive and non-confrontational. We are open to increasing engagement and cooperation with non-BRICS countries, in particular emerging and developing countries, and relevant international and regional organizations”.

  44. Report on the EU foreign policy towards the BRICS and other emerging powers: objectives and strategies10 January 2012EU Parliament, Committee on Foreign Affairs • The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and other emerging economies could gather strong relevance in foreign policy terms on the global scene. In a global economic perspective, seven emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey) are projected to have larger economies than, collectively, the G-7 countries (USA, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy) in 2050. • As the current economic crisis demonstrates, there is a strong degree of interdependence between emerged powers and emerging powers. • In this regard, it should be pointed out that the BRICS have already shown clear ambitions in foreign policy terms. Thus, the BRICS seem to challenge the current system of international governance. However, if an inclusive, new system of governance were to be devised, they could become valuable partners of the West. • The EU will have to duly take into account the new weight, in political and economic terms, of the BRICS and other emerging powers and use its political leverage to continue to promote universal values.

  45. BRICS Website • http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/brics • Events held since 2006 • Documents issued by Heads of State and Government, and by the Foreign Ministers • Documents issued by High Representatives • Articles and academic texts • Statistical Publication • Videos and interviews

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