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Body Plans

008a. Body Plans. Animal Body Plans. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification. Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization. Kingdom Animalia. Symmetry Unorganized Radial Bilateral Cellular organization Tissues, organs, systems.

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Body Plans

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  1. 008a Body Plans

  2. Animal Body Plans

  3. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization

  4. Kingdom Animalia • Symmetry • Unorganized • Radial • Bilateral • Cellular organization • Tissues, organs, systems

  5. Kingdom Animalia coelom digestive tube • Coelom • Body cavity or not • Digestive system • None, 1 or 2 openings, how

  6. Kingdom Animalia • Segmentation • Repetition of body parts • Cephalization • Development of a “head end”

  7. What to Remember Match with common name General characteristics Special evolutionary features General evolutionary location

  8. Geologic Time Scale Millions of Years end of dinosaurs 1st dinosaur 1st reptiles 1st amphibians 1st land plants 1st fish 1st invertebrates

  9. Ediacaran Fauna: distinctive group of fossils dating from and existing only during Precambrian time • 600 mya • Australia's Ediacara Hills • Environment: shallow seas • Description: soft bodies; worms, cnideria • May be an evolutionary dead end

  10. Reconstruction of the sea floor during the Vendian times when the Ediacaran organisms thrived

  11. Ediacaran Fauna(600-540 MYBP)end of Precambrian era

  12. Ediacaran Seas Sea pens Mostly cnidarians and worms

  13. Edicarian Fauna

  14. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Burgess Shale

  15. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation(540 MYBP) Drawings based on fossils collected from Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

  16. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Feeding tentacles Hallucigena spines Similar to a sea urchin An explosion of body plans

  17. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Pikaia- earliest known chordate

  18. Anomalocaris Burgess Shale Fauna(540-530 MYBP Opabinia Wiwaxia

  19. Living Invertebrates

  20. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Platyhelminthes Porifera Mollusca Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Cnideria Nematoda Echinodermata pseudocoelom segmentation acoelom Protostome: schizocoelem Deuterostomes: eucoelom radial symmetry bilateral symmetry no true tissues true tissue Ancestral Protist

  21. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

  22. Major Stages of Animal Development • gametogenesis • fertilization • cleavage • blastula • gastrulation • differentiation and morphogenesis

  23. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

  24. Protostome vs Deuterostome Blastula • Protostome: blastopore becomes mouth • Deuterostome: blastopore becomes anus Blastopore

  25. What is a Phylum?

  26. Some Examples of Animal Phyla • Phylum Cnidaria • sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids • Phylum Mollusca • snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids • Phylum Arthropoda • spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes • Phylum Echinodermata • sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies • Phylum Chordata • sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

  27. Phylum Chordata

  28. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals • Symmetry • Primary Germ Layers • Gut Organization • Body Cavity • Segmentation • Skeletal Systems • Circulatory Systems • Appendages • Coloniality

  29. Symmetry • Asymmetry • Radial Symmetry • Bilateral Symmetry

  30. Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

  31. Radial Symmetry JellyfishPhylum Cnidaria

  32. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea StarsPhylum Echinodermata

  33. Bilateral Symmetry SlugPhylum Mollusca

  34. Bilateral Symmetry SquidPhylum Mollusca

  35. Primary Germ Layers Mesoderm • None • Diploblastic • Triploblast gut Ectoderm Endoderm

  36. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers • Ectoderm • hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves • Mesoderm • notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle • Endoderm • internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

  37. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  38. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  39. Germ Layer Patterns Endoderm Diploblastic gut Ectoderm

  40. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

  41. Germ Layer Patterns Mesoderm Triploblastic: 3 germ layers gut Ectoderm Endoderm acoelomate

  42. Gut Organization • No Gut • Blind Sac Gut • Complete Gut

  43. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  44. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  45. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

  46. Complete Gut

  47. Body Cavities • Acoelomate • Eucoelomate • Pseudocoelomate

  48. Body Cavities Mesoderm Acoelomate- lacks cavity between gut and outer body wall gut Ectoderm Endoderm

  49. Body Cavities coelom Mesoderm Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm gut Ectoderm Endoderm

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