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Vectorcardiography & Catheterization Laboratories

Vectorcardiography & Catheterization Laboratories. Vectorcardiography. The vectorcardiograph (VCG) examines the ECG potentials generated along the three-dimensional axes of the body; that is, the x, y, and z planes .

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Vectorcardiography & Catheterization Laboratories

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  1. Vectorcardiography &Catheterization Laboratories

  2. Vectorcardiography The vectorcardiograph (VCG) examines the ECG potentials generated along the three-dimensional axes of the body; that is, the x, y, and z planes. The x vector is taken as the potential between two points under the arms, the y vector is between the head and right leg, and the z vector is from the front to the back of the body.

  3. Catheterization Introduction The data obtained from inside of the heart by a process called catheterization and is used to make preoperative judgments on the need for surgery. The catheter is inserted into the heart via the peripheral vascular system. It can record intracardiac pressures and allow withdrawal of blood from the heart chambers to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

  4. Right Catheterization In right catheterization the catheter is introduced through a peripheral vein to the vena cava and into the right side of the heart.

  5. Retrograde Catheterization A retrograde catheterization requires introduction of the catheter via an artery, usually the brachial or femoral artery. The catheter is threaded through the arterial system and enters the left ventricle via the aorta.

  6. Transseptal Catheterization In transseptal catheterization, a special large diameter catheter is introduced through the femoral vein into the right atrium, where a special needle in the end of the catheter is used to puncture the septum wall dividing the right and left side of the heart. A smaller catheter is then threaded through the large catheter and the needle to enter the left ventricle via the left atrium. This technique is used primarily when aortic stenosis prevents use of the retrograde technique.

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