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Enzymes: Catalysts that Speed Up Chemical Reactions and Reduce Activation Energy

Discover how enzymes, powerful catalysts, increase the speed of chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy needed. Learn about the specific structure of enzymes and how they bind with substrates to weaken bonds and facilitate reactions.

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Enzymes: Catalysts that Speed Up Chemical Reactions and Reduce Activation Energy

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  1. Enzymes

  2. Chemical Reactions • Energy stored in chemical bonds • When bonds broken = Energy released (heat & light) • Activation Energy: amount of energy needed to start a reaction

  3. Enzymes • Activation energy usually comes from an increase in temp • Slow process • Catalyst: substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction • Speeds up reaction • Enzymes reduce energy needed (activation energy) to start a chemical reaction

  4. Controlled Settings • Human body ~98.6°F • Can’t raise body temp to start reactions. • Internal reactions would be too slow to sustain life without a catalyst • Ex: Saliva • Breaks down starch 1,000,000x faster with amylase

  5. Enzyme Structure • Enzyme shape allows specific reactants to bind together • Reactants = substrate • Ex: Amylase & starch: Starch is the substrate because it binds to amylase • Substrates binds to activation sites on the enzyme (key fitting into a lock) • Once binded to enzyme, substrates bonds weakened • Substrates bonds break • Substrates re-bond to each other

  6. review • 1) How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? • 2) What is released when chemical bonds are broken • 3) What are the molecules called that react with enzymes? • 4) What do enzymes weaken between molecules?

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