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Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

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Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

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    1. Remote Sensing SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems

    2.

    3. SPOT

    4. 1. SPOT 1,2,3 A French satellite system - SPOT-1 was launched in Feb 21, 1986 - SPOT-2 in 1990 - SPOT-3 in 1993 The first commercial system designed to provide high quality service and data for operational users worldwide

    5. 2. Orbits Altitude 832km Inclination 98.70 10:30am passes descending point 26 days for vertical observation, 1-4 days for oblique observations

    6. 3. SPOT Sensor Systems Components      - two identical High Resolution Visible (HRV) imaging systems – pushbroom         - a telemetry transmitter, and magnetic tape recorders

    7. 3. The Pushbroom Technique “Pushbroom" scans based on charge coupled devices (CCD) which allows imaging the entire data line along track A linear array of CCDs each corresponding to a pixel  Pushbroom allows longer lifetime, reduced geometric errors, and longer dwell time                  

    8. 3. Pushbroom .. A 6,000-detector subarray for the pan band Three 3,000-detector subarrays for the three multispectral bands respectively The pointable mirror is controlled by the ground station to acquire oblique images    

    9. 4. SPOT Resolutions Panchromatic mode Multispectral mode    

    10. 4. Resolutions - Pan Panchromatic mode  - spectral resolution: 0.51-0.73microm  - radiometric resolution: 256 level of brightness  - spatial resolution: 10x10m  - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days

    11. 4. Resolutions - XS Multispectral configuration  - spectral resolution:  band1: 0.50-0.59mm (green) band2: 0.61-0.68mm (red) band3: 0.79-0.89mm (near infrared)  - radiometric resolution: 256 levels  - spatial resolution: 20x20m  - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days

    12. 5. The Nadir Viewing The nadir viewing The off-nadir viewing

    13. 5. The Nadir Viewing .. The two 60km swath overlap 3km The total swath is 117km

    14. 5. The Off-Nadir Viewing.. Can view in a maximum 27o in 45 steps of 0.6o each Can view an area of a maximum 950km, with each scene 60-80km

    15. 5. The Off-Nadir Viewing .. The same area can be viewed from different angles to acquire stereo coverage The twin sensors can operate in different viewing angles

    16. SPOT 1, 2, 3 SPOT 1 was withdrawn in 1990 SPOT 2 is deorbited in 2009 SPOT 3 stopped in 1997

    17. 6. SPOT 4 and 5

    18. 6. SPOT 4 Launched on Mar 23, 1998 High Resolution Visible and Infrared (HRVIR) An additional mid-infrared 1.58-1.75mm for vegetation, mineral, and soil moisture monitoring Replace the pan band with a red band that produces both 10m black/white and 20m XS data A wide IFOV Vegetation Monitoring Instrument with 1km resolution, 2250km swath, B, R, NIR, MIR bands

    19. 6. SPOT 5 Launched on May 3, 2002 Replace HRVIR with two high resolution geometric instruments (HRG) A 5m pan band, 10m G, R, NIR bands, and a 20m MIR band  High resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument, prepares 10m global wide DEM

    20. 7. SPOT Data Direct transmission occurs within 2,600km to the ground stations, otherwise tape recorders are used  SPOT Image Co. at Reston, VA distributes SPOT data in the US

    21. Moderate Resolution Land Satellites IRS (the Indian Remote Sensing) RESURS-01 (Russia) ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan) JERS-1 (Japan)

    22. 1. IRS (The Indian Remote Sensing)  Developed, launched, and operated by the Republic of India  IRS-1A (1988) and IRS-1B (1991)   - XS bands similar to TM bands 1-4   - spatial resolutions 72.5 m and 36.5m   - 140+ km swath  IRS-1C (1995) and IRS-1D (1997)   - XS bands 23m resolution, a MIR band 70m resolution   - a pan band 5.8m resolution   - Wide Field Sensor 188m resolution, 774km swath

    23. 2. RESURS-01 1-4 (Russia)  The series was launched by Russia in 1985, 1988, 1994, 1998 RESURS-01 3, 4  - 29-45m, 140-185m resolution for the green, red, and 2 NIR bands   - 520-740m resolution for the thermal band   - 600-710km swath   - 4-day temporal resolution at the equator, daily at high latitudes  

    24. 3. ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan) Launched by Japan in 1996 The Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer   - B, G, R, NIR bands, 16m resolution   - a pan band 8m resolution   - 80km swath  Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor    - 8 bands in visible and NIR, 4 bands in thermal region    - 700m resolution, 3 day temporal resolution

    25. 4. JERS-1 (Japan) Developed by Japan, 1992-1998  Optical Scanner - uses pushbroom scanning in 7 visible, NIR, and MIR bands - stereoscopic observation - 18x24m resolution - 75km swath  

    26. 5. Other satellites launched since 2000 by many countries China-Brazil, korea, European space agency, Algeria, Turkey, Nigeria, UK, India, Thailand, Russia, China  

    27. Readings Chapter 6

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