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Colonial Resistance and Rebellion. 2.1 Notes. Proclamation of 1763. Issued by British gov’t Forbade colonies from expanding west beyond the Appalchian Mtns. Meant to avoid conflicts with Indians Ignored by colonists Convinced that Britain didn’t care about colonist’s needs.
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Colonial Resistance and Rebellion 2.1 Notes
Proclamation of 1763 • Issued by British gov’t • Forbade colonies from expanding west beyond the Appalchian Mtns. • Meant to avoid conflicts with Indians • Ignored by colonists • Convinced that Britain didn’t care about colonist’s needs
Britain’s Financial Debt • French and Indian war debt • King George III commissioned Prime Minister George Grenville to lower debt • Sugar Act • Halved duty on foreign-made molasses (to prevent smuggling) • Placed duties on certain imports • Colonists accused of violating the act would face a single judge, not a jury
Merchants complained about reduced profits • Taxed without representation in Britain
Stamp Act • Tax on documents and printed items (wills, newspapers, playing cards) • First tax directly affecting colonists • Taxed goods and services • Colonial assemblies resisted b/c no representation at tax decisions • Sons of Liberty (Samuel Adams) • Secret resistance group of shopkeepers, laborers • Resisted taxation • Boycotted British goods – Act repealed
Declaratory Act • Passed on day Stamp Act repealed • “to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever” • Townshend Acts • Taxed goods imported into colonies from Britain • Lead, glass, paint, paper, tea (most popular drink) • Sons of Liberty organized boycott
Tensions Mounted • Boston, MA – center of rebellion • Boston Massacre – March 5, 1770 • British soldiers taunted at Boston Customs House • 5 colonists killed when fired upon • British patrol schooner • attacked and burned • King George sought • English trials for • suspects – alarmed • colonists
Boston Tea Party • 1773 Tea Act of save British East India Company • Could sell tea to colonies tax free • Colonial tea sellers still taxed • Could sell tea directly to consumers for less - backfired • Boston rebels disguised as “Indians” dumped 18,000 pounds of tea into harbor
Intolerable Acts • Law shut down Boston Harbor • Quartering Act – British soldiers housed in vacant private homes and buildings • General Thomas Gage (commander of British forces) named governor of MA • Boston placed under martial law • First Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia, PA to draw up declaration of colonial rights • Colonies should fight back if forced by British
