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Understanding Greenhouse Gases and Molecular Shapes in Climate Change

Delve into the impact of CO2 on the greenhouse effect, molecular structures' role in climate change, and the carbon cycle. Explore how molecules' shapes contribute to global warming, the difference between greenhouse and non-greenhouse gases, and the significance of mass in atomic structures. Uncover the basics of VSEPR theory, Lewis structures, and how light affects molecular vibrations, all connected to the changing climate of our planet.

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Understanding Greenhouse Gases and Molecular Shapes in Climate Change

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  1. The Future (?) Data from past 100 years: CO2 conc. has risen by 25% average temp. increase: 0.5-0.7 0C Current: doubling the CO2 conc.  +1.8-6.3 0C (2.5-10.4 0F by 2100) CO2 is a major part of the greenhouse effect Earth’s average temperature is increasing

  2. Shape of Molecules (3.3) Greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O, CFCs Not greenhouse gases: O2, N2, Ar Why the difference? Shape!

  3. VSEPR Lewis structures: 2D Reality: 3D • Bonds are made of electrons • Negatively charged • Repel each other (still attracted to protons) • Want to be as far apart as possible!

  4. H H . 109 5 C H H C H H H H Example: Methane CH4: tetrahedral

  5. Fig.3.7

  6. Fig.3.8

  7. Fig.3.9 “Trigonal Pyrimidal”

  8. Fig.3.10 “Bent”

  9. Fig.3.11 “Linear”

  10. Fig.03.12 “Bent”

  11. Light and Molecules (3.4) UVB, UVC: Bonds break IR: Can’t break (not enough energy) Can cause vibrations Shape  HOW a molecule can vibrate Which wavelength? Bond strength & flexibility, atom masses

  12. Fig.03.13

  13. Fig.3.14

  14. What about O2 and N2? • Do not absorb IR radiation • IR does not cause vibration • Can’t “trap” heat • Not greenhouse gases

  15. Fig.3.16

  16. The Carbon Cycle Sect. 3.5

  17. Fig. 3.17 Where does CO2 come from? Where does it go?

  18. water CaCO3 (limestone) Volcanic vents Respiration/decay Plants & animals Sources of CO2 (natural) CO2

  19. Respiration water Plants H2CO3 Mineral Dep. Pressure/time Fossil Fuels Consumption of CO2 CO2

  20. Fossil Fuel Contribution to Atmospheric CO2: • 6-7 billion tons of carbon released • ~ ½ goes to atmosphere • Since 1860: • CO2 conc. 290 ppm  375 ppm, • Increases ~1.5 ppm/year.

  21. Deforestation • Adds CO2 to air (burning/decay) • Takes away a CO2 remover (trees/plants)

  22. Excess CO2 global warming • Increase in atmos. CO2 is a concern • 3.1-3.5 Gt of carbon/year • How much CO2 is added per year?

  23. Mass # Quantitative Concepts: Mass (3.6) How much does an atom weigh? Depends on the atom Standard: Carbon-12 Atomic #: 6 6p, 6n One Carbon 12 = 12 amu

  24. Atomic # Atomic Mass C 6 Symbol Carbon Name 12.01

  25. What’s with the 12.01??? Carbon: 3 isotopes Carbon-12: 98.89% Carbon-13: 1.11% Carbon-14: ~0.00% Average atomic mass for C = 12.01 amu Atomic mass is an average of all carbon atoms

  26. NO carbon atoms weigh 12.01 amu • Treat ALL carbon atoms as though they weigh 12.01 • 1 Tbs of carbon has about 6.022 x 1023 carbon atoms • 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 • Dealing with large numbers of atoms • Average is best

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