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Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata. Phylum Echinodermata. Defining Characteristics A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous flexible feeding and locomotory appendages 5 pointed radial symmetry in adult. Echinoderms Skeleton. Have an internal skeleton of calcium carbonate

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Phylum Echinodermata

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  1. Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata

  2. Phylum Echinodermata • Defining Characteristics • A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous flexible feeding and locomotory appendages • 5 pointed radial symmetry in adult Phylum Echinodermata

  3. Echinoderms Skeleton • Have an internalskeleton of calcium carbonate • Ossicles vary in size and structure and are manufactured by specialized cells • Feeding biology? Phylum Echinodermata

  4. Water vascular system • A separate coelom is used with interconnecting fluid filled tubes and canals • A ring canal circles the mouth and gives off 5 radial canals • The radial canal is exposed and runs along the ambulacral groove Phylum Echinodermata

  5. Water Vascular System Phylum Echinodermata

  6. Tube Feet • The ampullae is a small ball that sits above the tube foot • Contraction and expansion of the ampulla accomplishes movement Phylum Echinodermata

  7. Mutable Connective Tissue • Another unique Echinodermata characteristic is the presence of mutable connective tissue Phylum Echinodermata

  8. Taxonomic Summary • Phylum Echinodermata • Class Crinoidea • Class Concentricycloidea • Class Stelleroidea • Subclass Asteroidea • Subclass Ophiuroidea • Class Echinoidea • Class Holothuroidea Phylum Echinodermata

  9. Subclass Asteroidea Phylum Echinodermata

  10. Sea Stars • The oral surface of each arm has a single ambulacral groove • Have a large coelom where all the main organs occur Phylum Echinodermata

  11. Sea Star Feeding • Feed mainly on slow moving, sedentary, or sessile invertebrates • Some species evert the stomach onto prey and digest externally, others swallow whole Phylum Echinodermata

  12. Pedicellariae • Specialized pinchers found on the aboral surface. Phylum Echinodermata

  13. Reproduction • Can reproduce asexually by disk division • Sexual Reproduction • Dioecious with sperm or eggs produced in 2 or more gonads in each arm • Larval stage = bipinnaria Phylum Echinodermata

  14. Regeneration • Many species autotomize, leaving predators with a nutritious souvenir while they escape • Most spp. can regenerate from fragments that include the disk Phylum Echinodermata

  15. Subclass Ophiuroidea • Defining Characteristics • Well-developed ossicles in the arms forming a system of articulating vertebrae • The oral surface bears 5 pair of bursal sacs Phylum Echinodermata

  16. Brittle Star Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  17. Reproduction • Similar to Asteroids; yet a pluteus larva is formed • Regenerate well, and one spp., in our area reproduces asexually by disk division Phylum Echinodermata

  18. Class Echinoidea • Defining characteristics • Ossicles are joined to form a rigid test • Adults possess a feeding structure called Aristotle’s lantern • Two attributes: mobile spines, and hollow skeleton or test Phylum Echinodermata

  19. Sea Urchin Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  20. Pedicellariae • Pedicellariae prevent fouling of test and are used in defense • More complex than sea stars and are located on tall moveable stalks Phylum Echinodermata

  21. Ingestion and Digestion • Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or scavenge • Food is chopped by 5 sharp pointed teeth • The digestive system is long to deal with vegetable manner • The anus is located aborally Phylum Echinodermata

  22. Reproduction • Most conspicuous organs are those responsible for reproduction • At spawning the entire coelom will fill with sperm or eggs • Pluteus larva is formed Phylum Echinodermata

  23. Sand Dollars • Irregular: non-spherical variously depressed • Anus is shifted to the oral surface posterior to the mouth creating bilateral symmetry Phylum Echinodermata

  24. Class Holothuroidea • Defining characteristics • Worm shaped body, greatly elongated along the aboral and oral axis • The calcareous ossicles are reduced in size and embedded individually in the body wall • Highly branched muscular respiratory structures Phylum Echinodermata

  25. Holothuroidea Feeding • Possess retractile feeding tentacle that surrounds the mouth • While suspension or deposit feeding each tentacle is cleaned in the mouth Phylum Echinodermata

  26. Holothuroidea Structure Phylum Echinodermata

  27. Ossicles • Although somewhat soft they do have an internal skeleton • The skeletal elements (ossicles) are microscopic with complex shapes • May compose up to 80% of the dry body weight Phylum Echinodermata

  28. Respiration • Respiratory trees Phylum Echinodermata

  29. Defense • Many spp. have powerful toxins in the body wall • Cuverian tubules • Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the anus • Also eviscerates to avoid predation • Internal organs regenerate after a period of time Phylum Echinodermata

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