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Timeline

Word List. Timeline. 1206 Temujin (Genghis Khan, r. 1206-27) forms confederation of Mongol tribes, launches armies to east and west. 1227 Death of Genghis Khan, who by now has conquered N. China, overthrown Qara-Khitai and Khwarazm- Shahs. Ilkhanids Timurids Mongols.

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Timeline

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  1. Word List Timeline 1206 Temujin (Genghis Khan, r. 1206-27) forms confederation of Mongol tribes, launches armies to east and west. 1227 Death of Genghis Khan, who by now has conquered N. China, overthrown Qara-Khitai and Khwarazm- Shahs. Ilkhanids Timurids Mongols

  2. Map Link: Animated Map of the Mongol Conquests: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongol_Empire_map.gif>

  3. Timeline 1236-41 Mongol expeditions attack Russia and E. Europe. 1243 Mongols take Asia Minor. 1256 Mongols take Alamut. 1258 Mongols take Baghdad, put ‘Abbasid caliph al-Musta‘sim (r. 1242-58) to death. 1260 Mongols take Aleppo, Damascus.

  4. Timeline 1260 Mamluks defeat Mongols at ‘Ayn Jalut. In wake of battle, Baybars takes control of Mamluk sultanate, rules until 1277.

  5. Map Link: The Mongol Dominions, 1300-1405: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/ 3f/Mongol_dominions1.jpg/800px- Mongol_dominions1.jpg>

  6. Great Khanate of China and Mongolia Chaghatay Khanate Khanate of the Golden Horde Ilkhanate

  7. Word List Timeline 1295-1304 Reign of Ilkhan Ghazan, who imposes Islam on Ilkhanate. 1304-16 Reign of Öljeitü. Mid-14th century sees fragmentation of Ilkhanate. Hülegü Ilkhans/ Ilkhanids Sufis (Muslim mystics) iqta‘ (≈fief)

  8. Word List Timeline Ottomans Samarqand Herat shari‘a (Islamic Law) Ulugh Beg 1361 Temür (Tamerlane/ Tamburlaine/Temür the Lame, r. 1361-1405) comes to power. 1370 Temür takes control of Transoxania, launches campaigns to east and west. 1405-47 Reign of Shah Rukh.

  9. Timeline 1470-1506 Reign of Husayn Bayqara. 1510 Persia passes into hands of Safavids. 1526 Babur defeats sultan of Delhi in India, founds Mughal Empire. 1857 Indian Mutiny/First Indian War of Independence against British.

  10. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Qur’an for sultan Öljeitü. Ilkhanid. 30 volumes. 1313. By ‘Abd Allah al-Hamadani. Ink, gold and colour on paper. (F - 2 slides) Mahmud of Ghazna crosses the Ganges. Jami‘ al-Tawarikh. 1306-7. Tabriz. (F) Shakyamuni (Buddha) offers fruit to the devil: Jami‘ al-Tawarikh of Rashid al-Din. Tabriz. 1314. (F) A miniature of Alexander enthroned from the “Demotte”Shahnama produced in Tabriz. Early 14th c. (F) Iranian Lajvardina dish, early 14th c. Glazed ceramic. 21.1cm. (F)

  11. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Tile with hunting scene, from a palace wall. Iran (Kashan or Rayy), 13th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus. net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ilkhanidtile.jpg>.) Candlestick with hunting scene and Persian poetry, Iran, end of the 13th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus. net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ilkhanidcandlestick.jpg>.) Box with lid, with inscriptions calling for blessings upon the owner. Iran, 14th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3. telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ilkhanidbox1.jpg>.) Box with lid, with inscriptions calling for blessings upon the owner. Iran, 14th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3. telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ilkhanidbox2.jpg>.) Friday Mosque of Taj al-Din ‘Ali Shah, Tabriz, (bt. c. 1310-20). (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1966), p. 103.)

  12. Object List Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). View of the eastern façade. (A) Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Exterior view from the northwest. (A) Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior tilework that formed part of the first decorative scheme. (A) Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior stucco decoration. (A) Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). Detail view of interior tilework that formed part of the first decorative scheme. (A) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

  13. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13). View of polychrome plaster on a vault in the gallery. (A) Pilgrims at the Ka‘ba; Pilgrim touches stone. From “A Miscellany for Iskandar Sultan.” Shiraz or Isfahan. 814/1411, a treatise on religious observance. (F) The Lion attacks the Bull. Kalila wa Dimna. Baysungur, Herat. 1429. (F) The Tree of Zaqqum in Hell. Page from the Mirajnama Herat. 1436 (540 AH). (F) Muhammad observes the houris in Paradise. Page from the Mirajnama Herat. 1436 (540 AH). (Mohammed Image Archive: <http:// zombietime.com/mohammed_image_archive/>.)

  14. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Muhammad and Gabriel talk with Abraham in Paradise. Page from the Mirajnama Herat. 1436 (540 AH). (Mohammed Image Archive: <http://zombietime.com/mohammed_image_archive/>.) “King Nushirvan and the Owls” from an Iranian copy of Nizami’s (d. 1209) Khamsa (Quintet). 1494-95. (F) Fritware dish. Underglaze painted cobalt blue. Iznik, c. 1480. 45cm diameter. (F)

  15. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). Exterior view, main elevation. (A) Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). View from the remains of the Mohammad Sultan Madrasa to the mausoleum. (A) Gur-i Amir Complex, Samarqand (bt. 1403). Detail view of the ribbed dome of the tomb. (A) Madrasa of Ulugh Beg, Samarqand (bt. 1417-21). Exterior view, main elevation. (A) Madrasa of Ulugh Beg, Samarqand (bt. 1417-21). Exterior view of enclosing wall with geometric patterns, and cupolas beyond. (A) Madrasa of Ulugh Beg, Samarqand (bt. 1417-21). Southeast corner of the courtyard, with the rear of the pishtaq. (A)

  16. Word List Timeline 640s Muslim raids into India begin. 971-1030 Reign of Mahmud of Ghazna, who makes first major Muslim incursions into India. Ghaznavids Ghurids

  17. Map Link: India, 750-900: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Kanauj_ triangle_map.svg>

  18. Timeline 1186-1206 Reign of Ghurid sultan Muhammad. 1206 Qutb al-Din Aybak assassinates Muhammad, declares self sultan of Delhi. 1206-10 Reign of Qutb al-Din. 1206-1526 Sultanate of Delhi in N. India. 1388-89 Temür raids northern India.

  19. Map Link: The Delhi Sultanate: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /3/30/Delhi_History_Map.png>

  20. Timeline 1526 Babur defeats sultan of Delhi, sets up Mughal Empire in N. India. 1526-30 Reign of Babur, first Mughal Emperor. 1529 Babur secures hold on northern India. 1556-1605 Reign of Akbar, who extends Mughal control over much of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal and Bhutan.

  21. Map Link: The Mughal Empire: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ ff/Mughal_Historical_Map.png>

  22. Timeline 1658 British establish permanent hold on Bengal. Later 17th century: Decline of Mughal state in wake of campaigns against religious dissidents. Mid 18th century: British defeat French to establish dominance in India.

  23. Map Link: India, 1765: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/ IGI1908India1765a.jpg>

  24. Timeline May 9th 1857 Outbreak of Indian Mutiny/ First Indian War of Independence. July 1858 End of Indian Mutiny/ First Indian War of Independence. 1862 Death of last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, in exile in Burma. Bahadur’s sons are killed by British troops. End of Mughal dynasty.

  25. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet TajMahal. Agra, India. 1630-48. (F) Detail of the TajMahal. Agra, India. 1630-48. (F) TajMahal. Detail of pietradura inlay work on mausoleum. (A) TajMahal. Detail view of mausoleum, looking up at the muqarnas in the entry iwan. (A) TajMahal. Floorplan. (Wikimedia Commons: <http://commons. wikimedia.org/>.) TajMahal. Jali screen surrounding the cenotaphs. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.) TajMahal. Cenotaphs, interior of TajMahal on ground level. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.)

  26. Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Taj Mahal. Tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal at underground level. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.) Taj Mahal complex. Plan. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>.) Tomb of Humayun. Delhi. 1562-71. (F) Tomb of Akbar. Sikadra. 1605-13. (F) Tomb of Akbar. Sikadra. 1605-13. Detail of mural in vestibule. (F) Tomb of I‘timad al-Dawla, Agra. 1622-29. (F - 2 slides) Tomb of Safdarjang. Delhi. 1754. (F) Purana Qal‘a Mosque. Delhi. 1540s. (F)

  27. Object List Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1573. Gate to Friday Mosque. (F) Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1560s. Second court of palace. (F) Fatehpur Sikri. India. 1560s. Royal pavilion. (F) Tomb of Jahangir, Lahore. 1627-34. (F) Friday Mosque, built by Shah Jahan. 1640s. Largest Mughal Mosque. Delhi. Front view. (F) Moti Mosque, Agra. 1648-55, built by Shah Jahan. Exterior view. (F) Moti Mosque, Agra. 1648-55, built by Shah Jahan. Prayer hall. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

  28. Object List Red Fort, Agra. Jahangir Mahal. 1565. (F) Red Fort, Agra. Jahangir Mahal interior. 1565. (F) Red Fort, Delhi. Built by Shah Jahan. 1644-58. (F) Palace of the Winds. Jaipur. Adaptation of Mughal architecture by non-Mughals. Late 18th c. (F) The construction of Fatehpur Sikri, Akbarnama. India, c. 1586-87. Ink and colour on paper. (F) Mughal camp as depicted in the Arrest of Abu’l-Ma‘ali, from a copy of the Akbarnama. India, c. 1590. Colour on paper. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

  29. Object List Khusrau and Shirin meet on the hunting field. Khamsa of Nizami. Lahore. 1595. ‘Abd al-Rahim (calligrapher), Nanha (artist). (F) Majnun visited by his father. Khamsa belonging to Amir Khusrad Delari. Lahore. 1597-8. Ink and colour on paper. (F) Sultan Ibrahim ‘Adil Shah holding castanets. Bijapur, c. 1615. (F) Jahangir presenting a book to a Sufi. India, c. 1615-20. (F) Mughal carpet, mid-17th c. (F) Cotton prayer mat: Mughal with Gujarati style silk embroidery. Second half of the 17th c. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

  30. Object List Late Mughal India. Covered jar, c. 1700. Cloisonne enamel on gold. (F) Late Mughal India. Storage Chest, Gujarat wood with mother of pearl and black lacquer. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

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