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The Baltic and Eastern Europe

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The Baltic and Eastern Europe

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    1. The Baltic and Eastern Europe

    2. Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Ruled 1533-1584 Grand prince of Moscow at age 3 Violent youth Mother died (poisoned?)

    3. Ivan the Terrible Boyars (Russian nobles) ruled terribly in 1530’s Ivan named Tsar of Russia 1547

    4. Ivan the Terrible Married 7 times Mental problems Cruel Drank a lot

    5. Russian Nobility Ivan weakened power of Russian nobility Boyars began to lose power anyway……..

    6. Russian Nobility ……to newer nobles Dvoranye – granted land by the tsar in return for service to him

    7. Ivan’s Rule Masters ruled over peasants Streltsy formed to enforce state policy Raw materials exported to foreign countries Agriculture improved

    8. “The Gathering of Russia” Drove out the Mongols Gained control of southeastern Russia

    9. Ivan’s Terror Oprichniky (elite guard) Confiscated boyar property and gave it to the guard 60,000 Russians killed in Novgorod when town plotted against him Killed his son (spear in the face) No heir left

    10. “The Time of Troubles” Ivan the Terrible dead in 1613 Civil war Peasants revolted Poland invaded in 1610 (Catholics) Boyars wanted order and peace back Sooo……..

    11. Michael Romanov is “elected” tsar Distant relative of Ivan’s 1st wife Young Poor health Non-threatening

    12. Michael Romanov His heir was Alexis Restored imperial power Conceded to the nobles on military service 1649 legalized serfdom (poor peasants)

    13. Peter the Great Ruled 1682-1725 Wanted modernism in Russia Industry! Commerce! A Western army!

    14. Peter the Great Increased Russian military power Wanted Russia to be equal to western European power

    15. Peter the Great 7 feet tall (wow) Disliked by traditional nobles Personally decapitated opponents

    16. Peter the Great Created a standing army Conscription of nobles and serfs Built Russian navy Needed new taxes to pay for this All individual males (no nobility of course)

    17. Peter the Great Indirect taxes Consumer products Orthodox Church lost its power and land State paid monks and clergy Had to submit to government rules

    18. Peter the Great Established secular educational institutions Wanted Western mercantilism middle class was small and prevented from becoming wealthy

    19. Peter the Great Private lives Men had to shave off beards Wear western clothes Brought Russian women out of seclusion

    20. Great Northern War (1700-1721) Swedish King, Charles XII at war with R Battle of Poltava in 1709 destroyed Swedis army Treaty of Nystad Russia keeps Lithuania, Poland, Estonia It gave Finland back to Sweden

    21. Growth of St. Petersburg 1709 began building of a new city Western architects Resembled a Dutch city City divided by social class

    22. Growth of St. Petersburg Nobles and merchants ordered to build elaborate palaces and move to St. Petersburg Peasant workers labored to build the city Many died from heat, accidents

    24. St. Petersburg 1782- 300,000 population Winter Palace (Hermitage) home of royal court

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