Ch 11 National and Regional Growth

1. Ch 11 National and Regional Growth EQ: How did the new economies of the North and South, transportation improvements, the American System, the Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine change America?

2. Growth After War • War of 1812 forced U.S. to create own form of industrialization, beginning 1st American Industrial Revolution • New technologies would drastically change culture of U.S.

3. The Factory System • Factory system brought workers under same roof to produce goods • Most factories were in New England because: • Water sources (streams/rivers) for power • Had ships and access to ocean to transport products • Willing workforce in area • Poor soil conditions AND shorter growing season- limited amount of crops farmers could produce

4. Improvement in Farming • Farming improvements increased farm production • Midwest grew food that was sent to Northeast • Northeast sent manufactured goods to Midwest, creating a trade network

5. The Southern Economy • While Industrial Revolution created factories in North, it helped reinforce agrarian system (farming) in South • Inventions created new staple crops (cotton)makingSouthern economy extremely profitable • Increaseddivision between North and South

6. The Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney created cotton gin changing course of U.S. history • Cotton gin allowed more cotton to be produced in less time ANDit made production cheaper • Led to South rejecting industrialization infavor ofagrarian economy

7. The Cotton Gin • Southern life drastically changed by cotton gin: 1. Cotton production moved westward 2. Farmers produced only cotton because of its value 3. Native Americans pushed out of South 4. Need for more and more slaves

9. Growth of Slavery • Increased production in cotton meant larger slave population was needed • Price of cotton and slaves increased 10 times • Growing importance of cotton created society dominated by large landowners

11. A Brutal Existence • Slaves faced back-breaking labor • Often separated from their families, EVEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN, as some were sold to different plantations • Few rights, not even allowed to learn to read because White Southerners feared educated slaves would rebel

12. A Brutal Existence • White slave holders tried to control slaves by passing harsh laws: • Slaves were notallowed: • To be educated • To marry • To own weapons • To hold religious services without a White person present

14. Nat Turner • Nat Turner, a slave, led revolt w/ 70+ slaves, 55 white people were killed • Turner found guilty and hung • 100’s of blacks killed in revenge by whites • Harsh laws were enacted to maintain control of slaves AND SEVERELY LIMIT RIGHTS OF FREE BLACKS • White southerners knew this was NOT end of slave rebellions

15. African American Culture • Blacks developed their own culture • Family, religion, and music were VERY important • Used Spirituals (songs) to express religious beliefs or send secret messages to each other

16. United and Divided • War of 1812 created sense of unity in U.S. (nationalism.) • But slavery still divided country • Country began growing apart • Sectionalism: loyalty to your own region or section rather than to the nation as a whole.

17. American System • Henry Clay introduced his “American System”, which included: • Established protective tariff (tax) from foreign countries • Established national bank to support a single currency making trade easier (instead of each state having its own currency) • Improve transportation • The goal of this system was to make U.S. economically independent

18. The Transportation Revolution • Steamboats helped growth of new cities as people expanded westward • Linked people to distant places through travel (increased unity) • Helped economy; products could be shipped further away opening new markets • Made moving people and products easier and cheaper.

19. Roads and Canals • Efforts made to link country through roads and canals. • Erie Canal allowedfarm products from Midwest to flow east and manufactured goods to flow west; leading to growth of major cities • John C. Calhoun introduced idea of a National Road: • Increased trade • Increased western settlements Problem: • National Roaddifficult to build because of geographical barriers such as Appalachian Mountains and issues with Indians

21. The Missouri Compromise • For months Congress debated over the statehood of Missouri • Missouri Compromise, admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state • Compromise was a temporary fix

23. The Monroe Doctrine • U.S.concerned with stopping European expansion • Fears of a European invasion in Latin America and/or North America • James Monroe issued Monroe Doctrine, stating that Americas were off limits to Europe

25. Summary! • Using 10 Sentences minimum, complete a summary answering the EQ. • Remember the EQ was: How did the new economies of the North and South, transportation improvements, the American System, the Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine change America?

26. Sentence Starters After the war of 1812, new technologies like ___________ and ___________ changed the economies of the ________ and ___________. This also changed the lives of slaves because ____(explain)_______________. However, Henry Clay a goal to _________________ by _______________________. Improvements in transportation also allowed _______________________________; yet it was John C. Calhoun who had the idea of the ________________. Finally, the __________ Compromise and the Monroe Doctrine both established rules about our land. The Missouri Compromise ___(explain)___________. The Monroe Doctrine ____(explain)____________. All these changes led to a change in America.

27. Exit Questions • 1. Why did the introduction of the Cotton Gin affect the system of slavery in America? • A. Africans took jobs in factories • B. It led to better working conditions for slaves • C. It increased cotton production, also increasing the amount of slaves needed • D. Farming and slavery had almost died out, and the cotton gin brought back both farming and slavery to the South • 2. Why was the cotton gin important to Southern agriculture? • A. It allowed cotton to be grown in any climate • B. It changed the way cotton cloth was manufactured in Northern factories • C. It decreased the need for slaves on plantations • D. It made cotton production a lot cheaper and cotton farming more profitable