Ch. 11

1. Ch. 11 The Triumphs and Prevails of the Jeffersonian Republic

2. Federalists Decline • War preparations increased debts and caused new taxes • Presidential election of 1800 • John Adams (2nd president) – New Navy • Mudslinging campaign– accused Jefferson of fathering mulatto children • Jefferson (3rd president) 1800, 73/65 electoral votes “Negro President” • Victory was in the 3/5ths slave clause • Jefferson and Burr actually tie – House breaks tie with a vote for Jefferson hoping for moderation

3. Jefferson’s Presidency • Represents first party overturn (Federalists to Democratic Republicans) • Unconventional president • Inconsistent president • Once federalist party declines so does Democratic Republican unity, found their opposition to federalists was main bond

4. Major Actions Taken by Jefferson • Let Alien & Sedition Acts expire (pardoned many) • New naturalization law – 5 instead of 14 • Reduced military force to 2500 men – Why? • Got rid of excise tax • Otherwise kept Hamilton’s financial plan • Later imposed an increased tariff tax, and recharters a BIGGER bank * Jefferson shows a change of regime doesn’t need to be disastrous to the losing party

5. Judiciary Act of 1801 • Last day Adam’s in office – midnight commission of 3 supreme court justices • Repealed by James Madison, Secretary of state, except Chief Justice John Marshall • Served 34 years • Federalist • Revolutionary War veteran

6. Marbury v. Madison • Marbury sues for delivery of Adam’s commission, • Marshall dismisses case avoiding a political showdown • States part of judiciary act of 1789, Marbury cited his case on was unconstitutional • Attempting to give supreme court additional power * This event magnifies the power of the Supreme Court, they are the ones to interpret the Constitution (judicial review)

7. Jefferson’s Tripolitan War • Where? – Shores of Tripoli (N. Africa) • Why? – North African Barbary states blackmailing and plundering U.S. merchant ships.Tripoli declares war on U.S.. Jefferson ends up fighting an intermittent war for 4 years until securing a peace treaty for $60,000 (all captured Americans returned) • What does this show about Jefferson? • Jefferson’s republican ideal was not to be entangled in European wars, these events represent a break in his political ideology. He backs the needs and wants of the Federalists.

8. Louisiana Purchase

9. Louisiana Purchase • 1803 – James Monroe to Paris to see Robert L. Livingston to buy New Orleans for up to $10 million • Napoleon ends up selling all of LA to Americans for $15 million (3 cents per acre) • WHY?? • Napolean failed to conquer Santo Domingo (wanted LA for foodstuffs for this island) • About to end 20 month lull in war with Britain and Britain controlled seas

10. PROBLEM • Was Jefferson authorized to negotiate treaties to expand the Union according to the Constitution??....

11. Problem??? • ….NO! • Jefferson admits its unconstitutional when he submits to Senate for approval • Land hungry Americans don’t care

12. Effects of LA Purchase • Doubled the size of the U.S. • European powers virtually gone in North America. • Expands Washington’s policy of isolationism. • Natives have to deal with Americans now • New people and lands to govern… how will they go about bringing these areas into the Union?

13. Lewis & Clark Expedition

14. Lewis and Clark, 1804 • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Jefferson to explore new territory • Aided by Sacajawea – get through Missouri River, over Rockies, Colorado River and to Pacific Coast • Scientific observations • Maps • Knowledge of Indians and animals • Demonstrated the viability of an overland trail to the Pacific

15. Aaron Burr (the plotter and schemer) • Hamilton exposes Burr’s plan to get New England to secede. • Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel – Hamilton dies without firing • Burr then goes to Wilkinson (governor of LA) to plan a secession of LA, but Wilkinson bails and Burr is arrested and tried for treason • Acquitted for lack of overt acts and flees to Europe

16. Aaron Burr v. Alexander Hamilton

17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLSsswr6z9Y

18. Jefferson is reelected, 1804 • 164/14 electoral votes • French/British war starts blocking American trade • British impressing American seamen (6,000) • 1807 Embargo Act- won’t trade with Europeans • Very unpopular • American merchants and farmers suffer. • Repealed in 1809, 3days before Jefferson retires * Effect is American manufacturing is stimulated

19. Non-Intercourse Act, 1809-1812 • Opened trade with all countries except Britain and France • Underestimated bulldog determination of British • Latin American countries open for trade • America opens more factories in response

20. James Madison, 4th president • Congress dismantles embargo • Macon’s Bill #2 – if Britain and France repeal commercial restrictions against U.S., then we will open trade. • France offers, Britain refuses and we reestablish embargo against Britain • Marks the end of U.S. neutrality

21. 1812 “Mr. Madison’s War” • British arming hostile Indians • Remove Indian menace by wiping out Canadian base • America needs to prove itself as viable or they will be discredited in world community • Asked Congress for declaration of war on June 1, 1812 • 79/49 House - 19/13 Senate

22. Supporters of the War of 1812 • In the South and West • Republicans in the middle states

23. Opposers of the War of 1812 • Federalist party • New England – Why? They are close to the sea? • Pro-British!! • Didn’t want Canada – would provide more of an agrarian base for Jeffersonian Republicans • Opposed war by supplying Canada with food and lending more gold to Britain than the U.S. Treasury