1 / 42

P14421: Smart PV Panel

P14421: Smart PV Panel. Bobby Jones: Team Leader Sean Kitko Alicia Oswald Danielle Howe Chris Torbitt. AGENDA. Background Heat Analysis Power Electronics Controller Sensors Ink Research BOM Schedule. BACKGROUND. PROJECT BACKGROUND. Advance Power Systems Jasper Ball Atlanta, GA

elom
Download Presentation

P14421: Smart PV Panel

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. P14421: Smart PV Panel Bobby Jones: Team Leader Sean Kitko Alicia Oswald Danielle Howe Chris Torbitt

  2. AGENDA • Background • Heat Analysis • Power Electronics • Controller • Sensors • Ink Research • BOM • Schedule

  3. BACKGROUND

  4. PROJECT BACKGROUND • Advance Power Systems • Jasper Ball • Atlanta, GA • Snow reduces power output of PV panels • Develop method to prevent snow from accumulating in the first place • Apply current to conductive, heating ink • Keep temperature of panel surface above freezing • Sense presence of snow

  5. Needs List

  6. Engineering Requirements

  7. PROOF OF CONCEPT

  8. POC ENERGY USAGE ANALYSIS Need to determine total energy needed to heat panel and melt snow over the period of a year: Final finding to melt one year worth of snow: 48,502,500J

  9. POC POWER REQUIRMENT • The Data: • TMY3 (Typical Meteorological Year) • Hourly data taken from 1961-1990 and 1991-2005 • Takes the month that is closest to the average • Calculations make use of the direct and the diffuse beams from sunlight in Rochester, NY taken from this data

  10. POC POWER REQUIRMENT con’t • Assumptions: • Latitude: 43.12° (Rochester, NY) • Local Longitude: 77.63° • Local Time Meridian: 75° • PV efficiency of 20% • A directly facing south panel • Use tilt angles 10°-35° in steps of 5° • Reflected off grass in summer (ρ=0.2) • Reflected off snow in winter (ρ=0.8)

  11. POC POWER REQUIRMENT con’t • Equations: • Convert civil time to solar time • Calculate Solar Declination Angle

  12. POC POWER REQUIRMENT con’t • Calculate Solar Altitude Angle • Calculate Solar Azimuth Angle

  13. POC POWER REQUIRMENT con’t • Calculate Direct Beam on the panel: • Calculate Diffuse • Calculate Reflected

  14. POC POWER REQUIRMENT con’t • Calculation done for every hour of the day. • Then added together to get the amount of solar flux available in a given year at different tilt angles. These fluxes were averaged giving: 291,113 Wh/m2 • Restricted to 10% of annual power: 29,111 Wh/m2

  15. Energy Conclusion • Yes! 48,502,500J<104,800,822 • Next steps: • Model in ANSYS • Model different ink layouts for feasibility

  16. Power Electronics • Battery • Charging System • Supplying Power to Ink

  17. Choosing the Battery • Battery Type has to first be chosen “Batteries and Charge Control for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems : Fundamentals and Applications” , James P. Dunlop

  18. Battery Capacity • How much energy is stored in the battery measured in ampere hours • Ah will provide ‘X’ amps of current for ‘Y’ hrs • From previous calculation we assume the total amount of power that we can use is 29,000 Wh/m2 , are prototype is 3’x5’ (0.92m x 1.525m) • Therefore the total power used in a year can be about 40,600Wh

  19. Battery Capacity • Assuming snowfall for 240hrs a year the average amount of power of the device will be 170W (40,600Wh/240h) • Therefore Ah = (170W*4h)/ 12V = 56Ah • To increase battery performance and life the battery should not be consistently discharged below 60% capacity so to be safe the battery capacity should be about 90Ah

  20. Battery Options • Trojan Deep-Cycle AGM Battery can be used • 31-AGM could all be options with 5hr rate-capacity of 82Ah • Can be purchased from civicsolar for $270

  21. Battery Chargers • Controls incoming charge of the battery • AGM batteries are INTOLERANT to overcharge • Standard Solar Chargers or MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) charger • MPPT chargers are much more efficient • Standard chargers can lose between 20-60% of the rated solar panel wattage

  22. Choosing a Battery Charger • Charger needs to be able to handle rated watt, voltage, and current rating of PV panel (charging source) • Charging source is still being determined (Full Panel or select number of cells) • For now we can base the charger choice off a SBM solar 150W panel with the following specs:

  23. Possible MPPT Charge Controller • Morningstar SunSaver 15 Amp MPPT Solar Charge Controller ($225) Power used from possible 150W: Power= PV Panel Power * Efficiency Power = 150W * 97.5% Power=146.25 Charge Current = Power/Battery Voltage Charge Current = 146.25W/12V Charge Current =12.2A Charging Time = Battery Ah / Charge Current = 100Ah/ (12.2A) Charging Time = 8.2 hrs

  24. Possible Standard Charge Controller • Morningstar SS-20L 20 Amp PWM Solar Charge Controllers w/LVD ($78) Power used from possible 150W: Power = Voltage *Charge Current Power = 12V *8A Power = 96W about 66% efficient Charging Time = Battery Ah / Charge Current = 100Ah/ (8A) Charging Time = 12.5 hrs

  25. Ink Power Supply Rtrace1 RTotal Rtrace2 Regulating Circuit Battery Rtrace3 I out Rtrace4

  26. POC CONTROL SYSTEM • Atmel's ATMega328P 8-Bit Processor in 28 pin DIP package with in system programmable flash Features: •32K of program space •23 programmable I/O lines 6 of which are channels for the 10-bit ADC. •Runs up to 20MHz with external crystal. •Package can be programmed in circuit. •1.8V to 5V operating voltage •External and Internal Interrupt Sources •Temperature Range: -40C to 85C •Power Consumption at 1MHz, 1.8V, 25C –Active Mode: 0.2mA –Power-down Mode: 0.1μA –Power-save Mode: 0.75μA (Including 32kHz RTC)

  27. POC CONTROL SYSTEM Con’t

  28. POC CONTROL SYSTEM Con’t Control System Pseudocode • Reset • Enable global interrupts on interrupt input pins 4 and 5 • Define interrupt on pin 4 or 5 for a rising edge signal from sensor conditioning logic for inputs from temperature/proximity/moisture etc sensors • Enter Sleep Mode • Rising edge? Yes: • Go to ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) if rising edge is triggered • Run specified program based on polled sensor values No: • Continue to sleep

  29. POC SENSOR RESEARCH • Snow will be sensed by monitoring 5 sensors • Ambient temperature • Panel temperature • Precipitation • Ambient light • Motion/Proximity • Use of all 5 sensors would allow for sufficient redundancy to ensure proper operation.

  30. POC SENSOR RESEARCH con’t • Ambient temperature • Will be used in combination with panel temperature • If ambient temperature >~5◦C, then operation should not be necessary. • Achieved with basic temperature sensor: • Analog Devices TMP36

  31. POC SENSOR RESEARCH con’t • Panel temperature • Will be used in combination with ambient temperature • If ambient temperature >~1◦C, then operation should not be necessary. • Achieved with basic thermocouple/thermistor: • Omega 5LRTC series, type T thermocouple • Spectrum Sensors & Controls RT24 Surface Temperature Sensor

  32. POC SENSOR RESEARCH con’t • Precipitation • Most difficult/most expensive to implement • Operates by applying a small amount of power to a small heater, and then looking for water • Automatically operates only at specific temperature range. • ETI CIT-1 Snow Sensor

  33. POC SENSOR RESEARCH con’t • Ambient light • Small photocell • Will allow for optimized operation (operation will shut down after an extended period in low-light environment). • Intersil ISL29101

  34. POC SENSOR RESEARCH con’t • Motion/Proximity • Transmissive infrared or ultrasonic sensor • Will provide some estimation of how much/fast it is snowing (allowing for operation optimization) • Omron E4E2 Ultrasonic Sensor • Chamberlain IR 801CB garage door safety sensors (or something similar).

  35. POC INK RESEARCH • Brinkman Lab Testing 10/24/2013 • The point of the test was to obtain the appropriate parameters to use on the pulseforge for the curing process. • Tested a copper based ink usually used on paper • Wanted to see how the ink would be effected by putting it on glass

  36. POC INK RESEARCH con’t • Setup: • Ink was placed at the top of a screen with the glass below.

  37. POC INK RESEARCH con’t • Ink was then spread across the screen with two passes. The screen gave the following pattern on the glass

  38. POC INK RESEARCH con’t • The pattern was then covered with paper so only two lines on a trace were exposed. This was done so different parameters could be tested for the pulseforge two lines at a time.

  39. Eight trials were done at different parameters. (1 to 8 right to left) • Conclusion: This copper based ink is coming off the glass • Next Step: Find a different ink that is adhesive to glass POC INK RESEARCH con’t 2 1 4 3 7 6 5 8

  40. BILL OF MATERIALS

  41. TEST PLAN OUTLINE • Test Ink • Verify heat dispersion, and ink durability • Test Control System • Verify appropriate output signal and system response • Test Battery • Verify battery life/performance and response to cold • Test Power/Charging Electronics • Verify power output and charging capabilities • Test Sensors • Test different sensing options • System Integration Test • Verify all subsystems operate together

  42. SCHEDULE

More Related