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Foundations of the Roman Republic: From Myth to Expansion

Delve into the evolution of the Roman Republic from its mythical founding by Romulus and Remus to the expansion through Italian conquests. Explore the transition from Etruscan rule to the establishment of a Republic, the conflict of orders between Patricians and Plebeians, and the strategic military tactics leading to Rome's control over Southern Italy. Witness Rome's growth and transformation during this crucial period of history.

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Foundations of the Roman Republic: From Myth to Expansion

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  1. Foundations of the Roman Republic 509-343BCE

  2. The Founding of Rome • Myth: Rome founded in 753BCE by Romulus and Remus (raised by a she-wolf). Romulus kills Remus after a dispute and he then establishes Rome. • Evidence: Archaeology tells us that by the mid-8th C. BCE a settlement existed on the Palatine Hill (centremost hill of the seven hills of Rome).

  3. Etruscans take control • Ruled from approx. 616-509BCE. • Civilised people who controlled a large proportion of Italy. • Took control of Rome due to its prime location on the Tiber River.

  4. The Founding of the Republic • Popular history suggests that around 509BCE the Etruscan kings were expelled by revolution and a Republic was established. • However, evolutionary change is just as plausible – Rome underwent a gradual process on its path to a Republic.

  5. Conflict of the Orders • A class struggle between Patricians and Plebeians from 494-287BCE. • Plebeians well organised – collective action • A number of important positions are gained and laws are passed during this period (for the Plebeians). • This period can be defined as the Plebeian struggle for equality and justice.

  6. The Italian Conquests • First Phase (509-390BCE) • Rome’s territory doubled. • Treaty signed with the Latin League – Rome has stable allies for 150 years • Second Phase (390-338BCE) • Rome controlled 7500 sq km and one million people. • Third Phase (338-290BCE) • Roman military tactics change from the Phalanx (Greek) to the Maniple (more flexible). • Road building becomes central to controlling the Latin and Roman colonies.

  7. Rome takes control of Southern Italy – Pyrrhic Wars • 280-275BCE – a series of battles with the Greek State of Epirus – King Pyrrhus • Rome wins and takes control of Southern Italy.

  8. Roman gains following Italian campaigns

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