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Middle East Notes

4/10/2012. . 536 B.C. Persians (Cyrus the Great") defeated Babylonians allowing the Jews to return to the area near Babylon ( 49 year Exile)- 33 A.D. Jesus Christ is Crucified outside of Jerusalem70 A.D. Romans Dominate Holy Land Tiberious, Caligula, Claudius600-700 A.D. Arabs Cont

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Middle East Notes

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    1. 4/10/2012 Middle East Notes B.C. – Before Christ A.D. – Anno Domini (The years of our Lord) 800 B.C. - 12 Tribes of Israel 600 B.C. - Babylonians Conquer Israel

    2. 4/10/2012 536 B.C. – Persians (Cyrus “the Great”) defeated Babylonians allowing the Jews to return to the area near Babylon ( 49 year Exile) - 33 A.D. – Jesus Christ is Crucified – outside of Jerusalem 70 A.D. – Romans Dominate Holy Land – Tiberious, Caligula, Claudius 600-700 A.D. – Arabs Control – Muslim Influence

    3. 4/10/2012 1095 – 1291 – Crusades (3) – Christian attempt to reclaim the Holy Land – failed Urban II Pope 1453-1918 – Ottoman Empire Controls Turkey and much of the Holy Land (WWI)

    4. 4/10/2012 1917 – Balfour Declaration (Br. Minister Arthur Balfour): A Jewish homeland will be created in this Region 1920 – End of WWI Palestine, Jordan and Iraq become British “Mandates”

    5. 4/10/2012 1930 – 40’s – Holocaust 6-12 mill Jews killed 1936 – 45 – WWII 1948 – Creation of Israel – 1948 War –vs– Arabs

    6. 4/10/2012 1967 – 6 Day War Jordan, Syria and Egypt attack Israel and LOSE Israel takes West Bank – Jordan Golan Heights – Syria Sinai Peninsula – Egypt

    7. 4/10/2012 1978 – Camp David – today Sadat / Begin Today

    8. 4/10/2012 Israel- The irritation of its neighboring Arab countries comes, in part, from the relative prosperity the Jews have created in this Arid Region. Population=6.6million Religion: Jewish 81%; Muslim 15%; Christian 2%; other 2% GDP Per Capita(US Dollars)=$20,000

    9. 4/10/2012 Fertigation- Direct Irrigation and Fertilization of crops at the root level-no evaporation drip irrigation Very Urbanized Pop. 90% Towns/cities Palestinians- Population in the Middle East 5.8 mill.

    10. 4/10/2012 West Bank And Gaza Strip POP.WB 2.2 Million GS 1.1 Million Religion ( % of Pop.) WB Muslim 89% Jew 9%,Christian 2% GS Muslim 99% Other 1%

    11. 4/10/2012 Pop in Israel-West Bank-Gaza-3.3mill Intafada- Palestinian Uprising 1987. PLO-PA

    12. 4/10/2012 Israel Parliamentary Democracy President-Elected Every 7 Years - Currently Moshe Katsav Knesset-Elected Every 4 Years Cabinet of Ministers-Headed by Prime Minister – Currently Ehud Olmert( 5/06) Judicial Branch

    13. 4/10/2012 Lebanon Lebanon-An exception to the term “Muslim World” applying to M.E. Total Pop 4.3 million Religion: Muslim 70%; Christian 30% GDP Per Capita(US $)=$5,200 1975 Civil war Christians-vs.-Muslims+300,000 Palestinians

    14. 4/10/2012

    15. 4/10/2012 Beirut City has seen fighting from Christians-Sunni Muslims-Shiite Muslims Druze, Palestinians-Lebanese and Syrian Armies

    16. 4/10/2012 City of Beirut Pop 1970 1.5 mill 1990 150,000 P.L.O Arafat(Yassar) –DEAD Symbolic Leader Current President - Emile Lahud Current PM – Fouad Siniora January 9th Elections –Current leader of the PA= Mahmoud Abbas

    17. 4/10/2012 Syria was not a major player in the region until 1970-gov’t. of Hafez Al-Assad Pop.-17.2 mill Religion-Muslim-89%,Christian-10%, other 1% GDP-$3,200

    18. 4/10/2012 Al-Assad Created Unity and Direction: . Very involved in Lebanon . Good Coastal Agriculture .Cotton, Wheat major Ag crop(exports)

    19. 4/10/2012 Syria -500,000 Nomad 51% Urbanized .Also Export Oil .1967 6 day war lost Golan Heights

    20. 4/10/2012 Syria Baath Party=Arab Socialist Resurrection President Elected Every 7 Years - Current President - Bashar al -Asad ; Current PM -Muhammad Naiji al Utri Parliament Every 4 Years Judiciary

    21. 4/10/2012 Jordan Jordan- Suffered the most from the fall of Ottoman Empire/creation of Israel Most of its trade went through Haifa(now an Israeli Port)

    22. 4/10/2012 Jordan Population: 5.3 mill Religion: Muslim-96%, Christian-4% GDP- $4,200

    23. 4/10/2012 Jordan Now they must go through Lebanon or Aqaba Gained Ind. 1946 Pops 400,000 1948 Creation of Israel, 500,000 Arab refugees enter Jordan+ 500,000 Palestinians.

    24. 4/10/2012 Jordan Jordanians outnumbered 2-l Little interest in Jordan Nationalism 6 day War(1967) a disaster-lost West Bank Current King Abdullah II ; PM -Faisal al-Fayez Bleak future

    25. 4/10/2012 Iraq Iraq-very different from Syria/Jordan Contains the lower valleys of both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

    26. 4/10/2012 Iraq Could be considered under population(rare in this region) Can feed more people than it has

    27. 4/10/2012 Iraq Used much of its $ for wars 1980-1988-vs-Iran-U.S. aids Iraq 1992-vs-Kuwait-U.S./U.N.

    28. 4/10/2012 Iraq Average Living Cond. Poor-small villages Along rivers Kurds=3.5mill Population: 23.6 million Religion: Muslim 95%: Christian 5% GDP Per Capita(US $) $4,200

    29. 4/10/2012 Distribution of Ethnic Groups and Religions in Iraq :2000

    30. 4/10/2012 Demographic Data of Iraq: 1999-2000

    31. 4/10/2012 Demographic Data of Iraq: 1999-2000

    32. 4/10/2012 Sunni Muslims-Liberal Islam Military Dictator Hussein ??? Popular elections held January 2005 creates a Democratic government- Shi-ite leadership

    33. 4/10/2012 The Arabian Peninsula- Dominated by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oatar,U.A.E., Oman, Yemen Yemen pop. 18.6mill, religion-Muslim-99%, other 1%, GDP-$820 Saudi Arabia pop. 24 mill, religion-Muslim-94%, Christian-4%, other-2%, GDP-$10,600 Oman pop. 2.6 mill, Religion-Muslim-88%, Hindu-8%, Christian-4%, GDP-$8,200

    34. 4/10/2012 Kuwait-pop-2.3 mill, religion-Muslim-85%, other-15%, GDP-$15,500 Bahrain-pop-670,000, Religion-Muslim-82%, Christian-9%, other-9%, GDP-$13,000 Qatar-pop-618,000, Religion- Muslim-83%, Christian-10%, Hindu-3%, other-4%, GDP-$21,000

    35. 4/10/2012 U.A.E.- pop.-3.5 mill, Religion- Muslim-70%, Hindu-18%, Christian-7%, other-5%, GDP-$21,100

    36. 4/10/2012 The peninsula contains the earth’s largest concentration of Known Petroleum reserves Saudi Arabia=1/4 of the worlds petro Coffee also cash crop West coast mountains GDP:$10,600 Religion: Muslim 94%: Christian 4%, other 2%

    37. 4/10/2012 Cities: Dhahran-Persian Gulf Riyadh-capital (Mekkah) Mecca-Relig. (Medinah)Medina-Relig.

    38. 4/10/2012 Saudi Arabia Monarchy Head of State-King Fahd Al Saud (Ruling Family Basic Law=Constitution Prime Minister-Appointed - The King has the Power Council of Ministers-Appointed (30,000 members) Legislative Consultative council- 4 Year Term (90 members)

    39. 4/10/2012 Non Arab North Turkey – Muslim – Turk,not Arab, Central Asian Part of the Ottoman Empire 1920 Revolution led by Mustafa Kemal – Ataturk Ankara = Capital moved to the Interior

    40. 4/10/2012 Turkey Actions of Ataturk to separate Turkey from the Arab region Islam – not the state religion State took control of education Roman alphabet replaces the Arabic More democratic laws replace Muslim law Monogamy became law Began the Emancipation of women (education, dress, etc)

    41. 4/10/2012 Today – mostly Ag. Mostly Subsistence Non-Urban pop distribution Pop 67.3 Mill GDP-$6,700 Religion-Muslim-97%, Christian-1%, other-2%

    42. 4/10/2012 Iran Iran – Persian – Shiite Muslim – fundamentalist Most Arabs are Sunni Muslim Kingdom/Monarchy 2500 years, ending 1975 overthrow of the Shah

    43. 4/10/2012 Iran Population 65.6 Mill grows at 3.6% per year Religion: Muslim-99%, other-1% GDP- $6,400 Tehran – Capital today Mostly Subsistence Agriculture

    44. 4/10/2012 Iran Modernized under Shah Muhammad Rega Pahlavi White Revolution Industrialization introduces Agricultural modernized

    45. 4/10/2012 Iran Domestic peace Corp established (medical services) Much of the change conflicted with Islam tradition. Opposition came from Ayatollah (Khomeini) (leader of Islamic revolution)

    46. 4/10/2012 Iran Revolution occurred because Material inequities (haves and Have nots) Ruthless Political oppression of these oppositions to the Shah’s policies Torture No avenue for alternative ideas

    47. 4/10/2012 Iran City dwellers (not the majority) Dominate Econ, Pol, Soc Shah & Family flee Iran Asks the U.S. for political Asylum (medical treatment ) We Grant it Iran wants him back to stand trial for crime against the people

    48. 4/10/2012 Iran Iran 50 US embassy workers hostage Carter President – 444 days Ronald Reagan

    49. 4/10/2012 Iran President-Elected Every 4 Years Currently -Ali Mohammad Khatami Ardakani ; Parliament-Elected Every 4 Years Judicial Branch All Islamic Law Ayatollah ( Supreme Islamic Leader ) ali-Hoseini Khamenei - appointed by the “ Assembly of experts’ . Has much power in the Political Actions

    50. 4/10/2012 Afghanistan – Sunni Muslim Least developed country in the realm Under 20% Urbanized Low agriculture, mostly Subsistence Pop 22.1 mill

    51. 4/10/2012 Historically multiply invasions Shatter Belt of the Middle East control by various outside groups Conclusion – Little improvement but won’t get worse – because it can’t… but what if …

    52. 4/10/2012 Egypt Pre Dam Days- Basin Irrigation Seasonal – along the Nile, flood water captures nutrient rich silt, deposited when river receded. Farming on rich soils yearly creates strong Agri. Based economy

    53. 4/10/2012 -Perennial Irrigation Building of Dams consistant flow in the nile – (higher Average)

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