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TaSK #1

TaSK #1. What was the taille in France? How would it help centralize power?. 2. Who was the wife of Henry II of France? Who succeeded him?. Task #2 (notes) Religious wars. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY. FRENCH WARS. Valois Kings – centralized royal power

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TaSK #1

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  1. TaSK #1 • What was the taillein France? How would it help centralize power? 2. Who was the wife of Henry II of France? Who succeeded him?

  2. Task #2 (notes)Religious wars AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

  3. FRENCH WARS • Valois Kings – centralized royal power • royal law courts and use of French language • taille – French land tax/ funds for royal army • by mid 16th century, there were still provinces that had their own autonomy and identities. • Then came Calvinism…

  4. Calvinism in france • Protestant persecution in France began in 1525 • Francis I was captured by Catholic Habsburgs under Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor • The French Gov’t then began cracking down on French Protestants, due to Charles being Catholic

  5. Calvinism in france • Many French Protestants were arrested and exiled (Affair of the Placards), including John Calvin (fled to Switzerland) • 1540 – Edict of Fontainebleau – Inquisition • French monarchy remained staunch Catholics

  6. Calvinism in france • Despite persecution, Calvinism grew steadily • People from all walks of life converted • 40-50% of the nobility became Huguenots • House of Bourbon = Huguenots • This made the Huguenots a threat to the monarchy

  7. Religious riots • 3 powerful families challenged the throne after the death of Henry II (Valois) in 1559… • Guise  Catholic • Montmorency-Chatillons Protestant • Bourbon  Protestant (Henry of Navarre)

  8. Religious riots • Wife of Henry II, Catherine de’ Medici • mother of Charles IX, House of Valois • tried to balance Catholics and Protestants • resorted to hard-line policies against the Huguenots

  9. Religious riots • the ordinary people of France were drawn into war • Conflict of beliefs • Some clergy incited violence • pastors and priests alike participated

  10. St. Bartholomew's day • most savage event of the religious wars period • Occurred four days after the marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois • Assassination of Admiral de Coligny • rioting and slaughter carried on for a month…

  11. St. Bartholomew's day • Huguenot gentry in Paris were killed, then it moved to the provinces • Between Aug. 25-Oct 3, about 12,000 Huguenots were killed • this led to the larger War of the Three Henrys

  12. War of the 3 henrys • Fought among factions of: • Henry of Guise (Catholic) • Henry of Navarre (Protestant) • King Henry III (succeeded Charles IX) (Catholic)

  13. TASK #1 • Who were the Huguenots? • What event kicked off the massacre of Protestants in France? • What three families were vying for the crown?

  14. War of the 3 henrys • How it ended… • Henry III had Henry, Duke of Guise and leader of the Catholic League, assassinated • Henry III was assassinated by a Catholic monk • Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV

  15. Death of Henry, Duke of Guise Henry III designating Henry of Navarre as his successor Death of Henry III

  16. The politiques • was a group of moderates of both faiths in France • secular approach; obey the king, politics above religion • Henry of Navarre was a politique • A Protestant, he converted to France’s dominant religion but published the Edict of Nantes in 1598 • His actions laid the foundation for royal power and absolutism

  17. Philip II of Spain • inherited lands from his father Charles V • was a devout Catholic • wanted to centralize power and have Catholicism as a uniform religion in his lands • became the “champion of Catholicism”

  18. THE HABSBURG FAMILY • Was one of the most important royal houses of Europe • Source of all Holy Roman Emperors from 1438-1740 • Rulers of Spanish & Austrian Empires • After Charles V abdicated, the empire split • Philip II, son of Charles V, would rule Spain & the Netherlands

  19. HABSBURG LANDS

  20. Philip II of Spain • had a conflict with the Ottomans, an Islamic empire • Philip contained the Ottomans as a world power and forced 50,000 Moriscos to leave their villages and settle in other regions • He would have less success against Protestantism in the Netherlands, as well as his encounters with England

  21. Revolts in the Netherlands • The Netherlands was a domain of Philip II of Spain • Southern provinces=Catholic, Northern=Protestant • Protestants resisted Philip’s Catholic reform • William the Silent, Prince of Orange • Eventually the northern provinces became the Dutch Republic • Treaty of Utrecht - 1581

  22. Next… • THE SPANISH ARMADA

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