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The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria. G- bacteria not closely related to Proteobacteria Includes several photosynthetic bacteria oxygenic and anoxygenic. Taxonomy of photosynthetic gram negative, non-proteobacteria:

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The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

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  1. The Non-proteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria • G- bacteria not closely related to Proteobacteria • Includes several photosynthetic bacteria • oxygenic and anoxygenic

  2. Taxonomy of photosynthetic gram negative, non-proteobacteria: • Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi (green sulfur) and Chloroflexi (green non-sulfur) • Gram negative, Proteobacteria • Purple sulfur bacteria (alpha) and purple non-sulfur bacteria (gamma)

  3. Cyanobacteria • Blue-green “algae” • Unicellular, filamentous or colonial • Gliding motility or gas vacuoles • Adaptable to nutrient poor environments • Fix nitrogen (heterocysts) and CO2

  4. Cyanobacteria

  5. Oxygenic photosynthesis • May be responsible for oxygenating atmosphere light 2H2O + CO2 (CH2O) + H2O + O2

  6. Green (Chlorobi) and purple (Proteobacteria) sulfur bacteria • Anoxygenic photosynthesis • produces sulfur rather than oxygen light 2H2S + CO2 (CH2O) + H2O + 2S0

  7. Green (Chloroflexi) and purple (Proteobacteria) non-sulfur bacteria • Anoxygenic photosynthesis • Use organic compounds to reduce carbon dioxide • Don’t release oxygen or sulfur as by-product

  8. Chlamydiae • Chlamydia and Chlamydophila • Collectively called the chlamydias • gram (-) coccoid • Obligate intra-cellular pathogens • Transmitted by direct contact or airborne • Distinguished by complex life cycle

  9. Unique life cycle with two cellular forms Elementary body is infectious stage (extracellular) Reticulate body is reproductive stage (intracellular)

  10. Chlamydia trachomatis • Trachoma • Leading cause of preventable blindness • STDs • Nongonococcal urethritis -most common STD in US • Lymphogranuloma venereum • Chlamydophila pneumoniae • mild form on pneumonia • Chlamydophila psittaci • psittacosis or ornothosis • transmitted by birds

  11. Spirochetes • Coiled morphology like a metal spring • Axial filaments • Treponema – causes syphilis • Borrelia – Lyme disease transmitted by ticks or lice • Leptospira – Leptospirosis from urine contaminated water

  12. Bacteroidetes • Anaerobic rods • Prevotella • Common inhabitant of human mouth • Cytophaga • gliding motility • degrades cellulose and chitin in soil

  13. Bacteroides • non-motile found in gingival crevices and large intestine • 1 billion/gram of feces • Frequently recovered from deep tissue infections • Infections usually caused by puncture wounds or surgery

  14. Fusobacteria • Anerobic • Often pleomorphic may be spindle shaped • Fusobacterium • Slender pointed rods • Found in gingival crevices • May be involved in dental abscesses

  15. Planctomycetes • Budding bacteria that blurs line between cell type • Planctomyces • Aquatic stalked bacteria with no PTG in cell wall • Gemmata • Double membrane around DNA

  16. Deinococcus • Includes only two species resistant to extreme environments • Deinococcus radiodurans • Thermus aquaticus

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