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Napoleon III

Napoleon III. Second Empire of France. Quick Biography. Born Paris- 1808 Nephew to Napoleon I Exiled to Switzerland & Italy after Waterloo (involved in Carbonari) After death of Napoleon’s son in 1832- became claimant to French throne Attempted coup 1840- arrested; exiled to England

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Napoleon III

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  1. Napoleon III Second Empire of France

  2. Quick Biography • Born Paris- 1808 Nephew to Napoleon I • Exiled to Switzerland & Italy after Waterloo (involved in Carbonari) • After death of Napoleon’s son in 1832- became claimant to French throne • Attempted coup 1840- arrested; exiled to England • Returned to Paris in 1848- elected to National Assembly

  3. Quick Biography- con’t • Elected as Pres to Second Republic 1850 • Staged another coup 1851- became Emperor of France’s Second Empire • Led France in Crimean War and negotiated Treaty of Paris-1856 • Sided with Sicily against Austria sn victorious at Battle of Solferino- 1859 • Aided Italy against Austria –got Nice and Savoy in return

  4. Quick Biography- con’t • Promoted Liberalism during later reign • Created Latin empire- installed Maximilian in Mexico 1864-67 • Kept France neutral in Austro-Prussian War • 1870- Franco-Prussian War against Bismarck- lost Battle of Sedan, surrendered, deposed; exiled to Eng; dies in 1873

  5. And now the details-Rise to Power • May 13th Law- Second Republic limits sufferage-- Unpopular • Louis triumphs the system; appeals to the people-- elected Pres. through coalition of conservatives and Bonapartists. • Coup d’etat and plebiscite 1852- law won’t allow further re-election so….

  6. Politics • Authoritarian Rule –early • Restriction of press • Strong bureaucracy relies on loyal prefects- all power to Napoleon • “Boiling Pot”- Napoleon III kept lid on currents seething underneath- • Example problems=Catholics, socialists, labor, liberals

  7. Economics- GOOD • Gradual expansion of economy • Improved public works-builds railroads (1800km to 1700km), bridges,education under RCC, built Suez Canal • Investments- Credit Foncier (France) fostered middle class investment, Credit Mobilier (US)- loans to farmers, scandal-Banks still in existence today • Free trade advocate

  8. Economics- BAD • 40 M- population stagnation • Slow pace of industrialization- France1900-33% agriculture England1900- 5% agriculture • This will hinder France later • Second Empire is considered time of prosperity so not much here

  9. Social • Immigration increase • Strongly Catholic- Napoleon becomes embroiled in Italian unification issues- angers the Catholics- Napoleon sends French troops to protect Pope Pius IX- troops stay and complicate unification • Low birth rate- what is wrong with these Catholics????

  10. Cultural Boom and Bloom • Painting- Manet, Degas • Literature- Hugo etc • Music • Science

  11. Military • Crimean War- alliance with GB • Italy & Piedmont- gain Nice and Savoy • Franco Prussian War-lost Alsace and Lorraine • Protects Pope • Maximillian- Mexico (stupid move)

  12. Other • Rebuilding of Paris- Baron Haussmann large vistas discourage Paris uprisings and blockades • Devious and Debauchery- was characterized as a womanizer • French Nationalism- promoted France as major European power- second largest economy in Europe after GB (but not for long)

  13. Decline • 1852-1867- authoritarian –prefects central power • 1867-1870- liberal empire- Emile Olivier –republican prime minister- endorsed reforms • 1870- Franco- Prussian War • Government passes legislative Assembly to Third Republic/Paris Commune-March 1871

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