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Brazil under Get úlio Vargas(1930-1954)

Brazil under Get úlio Vargas(1930-1954). Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30. Economic Impact of WWI. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. Coffee: T he Cash Crop. “Coffee picking” Francisco de Miranda (1750-1816).

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Brazil under Get úlio Vargas(1930-1954)

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  1. Brazil under GetúlioVargas(1930-1954)

  2. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 • Economic Impact of WWI

  3. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. • Coffee: The Cash Crop “Coffee picking” Francisco de Miranda (1750-1816)

  4. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. • Industrialization: Increases in industrialization were concentrated in light industry such as textiles and food prod.

  5. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. • Growth of Working Class and the Bourgeoisie On account of the numbers of Spaniards and Portuguese in Santos and the violence and ideological steadfastness of the strikers there, the city was affectionately nicknamed the "Barcelona of Brazil" and the syndicalist and anarchist workers were indebted for some of their most telling victories over the owners of Santos docks

  6. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. • Favelas

  7. Decline and Fall of the Old Republic 1914-30 Cont. • Samba!

  8. Postwar Industry and Labor • Brazil still largely rural in the 1920’s; • Workers earn very little wages (60 cents a day) worked long hrs 6x a week. • Malnutrition, parasitic diseases, and lack of med facilities limited the avg life span to 28 yrs.

  9. Political Unrest Português do Brasil: Revolta dos 18 do Forte de Copacabana: da esquerda para direita, tenentes Eduardo Gomes, Siqueira Campos, Nílton Prado e o civil Otávio Correia Portrait Luis Carlos Prestes

  10. ELECTION OF 1930 • ECONOMIC CRISIS SERVES AS BACKDROP • Tremendous burden on working class (always suffering the most!) wage cuts, unemployment, etc. • Growing rift between power brokers – urban vs. rural – forms two political coalitions…

  11. CONSERVATIVE COALITION • Made up of Rural Coffee Oligarchy (led by Sao Paulo ranchers, commercial bourgeoisie (import/exporters) • THE OLD GUARD! • Nominated JoãoPessoa for President • STATUS QUO; Politics of café com leite

  12. Vargas and the Bourgeois Revolution, 1930-1954 • The 1930 Revolt: • Revolt against São Paulo dominance • Desire to modernize Brazil (tenentes) • Military interest in politics • Some fascination with fascist movements in Europe • Crisis of Great Depression

  13. GetulioVargas and the Estado Novo • His terms on the Presidency can be divided in four different periods: • Provisory Government (1930 – 1934) • Constitutional government (1934 - 1937) • the New State (Estado Novo - 1937 - 1945) • President elected (1951 - 1954)

  14. The Constitutionalist Revolution

  15. 1937: Estado Novo

  16. Estado Novo: Propaganda

  17. 1937: Estado Novo • The "ConselhoNacional do Petróleo" (CNP) (National Oil Advisor) • The "DepartamentoAdministrativo do ServiçoPúblico" (DASP) (The Administration Department of Public Service) • The "CompanhiaSiderúrgicaNacional" (CSN) (National Iron Smelting Company) • The "Companhia Vale do Rio Doce" (Rio Doce Valley Company) • The "CompanhiaHidro-Elétrica do São Francisco" (São Francisco Hydroelectric Company) • The "FábricaNacional de Motores" (FNM) (National Motor Plant)

  18. The Election of Vargas

  19. Brazil During WWII

  20. ESTADO NOVO ECONOMIC MEASURES • State Intervention in economy more than ever before! • 1940: Five Year Plan to expand heavy industry, develop hydroelectric power and railway network • 1920 – Over 13,000 plants and 300,000 workers • 1941 – 44,100 plants and almost one MILLION workers • Big boom in foreign investment as well- 44 percent of total investment in stock companies by 1940

  21. World War II – OPPORTUNITIES! ECONOMIC: - Accelerated industrialization further - Exportation of tremendous amount of raw materials POLITICAL: -Played up on Axis/Allied rivalry: Secured concessions from the U.S. to build HUGE iron and steel plant after Vargas’ warned he might turn to the Germans! By August of 1942 Brazil declares war on Germany

  22. AN AUTHORITARIAN DECLARING WAR ON FASCISM?

  23. Presidential Elections called for on December 2, 1945 • Vargas reestablishes political parties and declares an open campaign season • announces he will not run; sets the stage for a grass roots movement to convince him to do so. • All the while, he makes a SWING back to the left, proclaiming himself to be a “father to the poor” • This worries conservatives both at home and abroad. • October 29, 1945: Vargas overthrown in a coup by military officers

  24. Dutra Period 1946-1951 • EuricoDutra is elected President. • Adopted Laissez Faire Economic Policy • Fully opened Brazil to foreign investment • Pro US, strong anti communist (Cold War)

  25. The Return of Vargas: 1950-54

  26. The Death of Vargas (1954)

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