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Chapter Nineteen India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World

Chapter Nineteen India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World. Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich. The Mughal Empire. Babur (1483-1530), Akbar (1542-1605) India as center of civilization Religious freedom (Islam, Hindu) Urdu language

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Chapter Nineteen India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World

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  1. Chapter NineteenIndia, China, and Japan:From the Medieval to the Modern World Culture and Values, 6th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

  2. The Mughal Empire • Babur (1483-1530), Akbar (1542-1605) • India as center of civilization • Religious freedom (Islam, Hindu) • Urdu language • Artistic blend of Hindu, Persian, and Islamic elements

  3. Mughal Art Architecture • Mosques, palaces, walled cities, forts • Indian techniques, Arabic innovations • Dome, pointed arch, minaret • Taj Mahal at Agra (Shah Jehan) • Tomb, monument for Banu Begam

  4. Mughal Art Visual Arts • Book illustrations, miniatures • Secular • Realistic scenes from courtly life • Persian influences • calligraphy

  5. Mughal Art Literature • Babur’s Baba-nama (Turkish) • Literary devotion of Homayun • Poetry (Persian) • Mughal tolerance • Tulsi Das (1532?-1623)

  6. The End of Mughal Rule and the Arrival of the British • Aurangzeb (1618-1707) • Islam vs. Hindu • Sikhism • British East India Trading Company • India as “Jewel in the Crown” of Britain • Controlled by British government by 1849

  7. The Rise of Nationalism • India’s National Congress Party • Strife for self-rule • Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) • Satyagraha • National literature • Prem Cand (1880-1936) • Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)

  8. Chinese Culture Under Imperial Rule • Centralized government (1368-1911) • Untouched by Western influence • Port of Macao • Political and social stability • Population growth • Poverty, political unrest, revolution

  9. The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty • Political, economic stability • Cultural enrichment • Confucianism • New literary genres • Hua-Pen • Novels • Stage plays

  10. The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty • Landscape paintings • Human form in natural setting • Artistic attitudes • “change within tradition” • No distinctions between major art forms • Painted ceramicware, “China”

  11. The Arts Under the Ming Dynasty • Architecture tied to Confucianism • Kublai Khan (c. 1216-1294) • Marco Polo (c. 1254-1324) • The Forbidden City • South vs. North • Traditional symbolic values

  12. The Qing Dynasty:China and the Western Powers • Kang Hsi (1654-1722) • Synthesized local, central administration • Introduced Western arts, education • Jesuit missionaries • Cultural stagnancy • Basic technological methods • Old artistic formulas, Shitao’s Landscape

  13. The Qing Dynasty:China and the Western Powers • Western Trade and Chinese Independence • Opium War (1839-1842) • Internal rebellions weakened government • Tai Ping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion • Republican Revolution • Sun Yat-sen • Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung

  14. The Art and Culture of Japan:Early Japanese History and Culture • Capital from Nara to Kyoto • Shift from Buddhism to Shintoism • Japanese writing system, literature • Poetry • Theater (no plays) • Murasaki’s novel Tale of Genji • Shonagon’s pillow-book

  15. The Art and Culture of Japan:The Period of Feudal Rule • Kakamura (1185) • Samurai-dokoro, Shogun • Control of samurai • Rise of the warrior class • Age of the Warring States (1467-1568) • Daimyo vs. Shogun • Introduction of firearms

  16. The Art and Culture of Japan:The Edo Period • Rule of the Tokugawa family (1543-1868) • Japanese versions of landscapes • Gentler colors, heightened abstraction • Influence of Western art • Peacocks and Peonies (1176) • Woodblock art • Hokusai Katsushika (1760-1849)

  17. The Art and Culture of Japan:The Edo Period • Basho’s Haiku • Buddhist, Zen Buddhist reflections • Crucial detail of landscapes • Saikaku, Life of an Amorous Woman • Overt eroticism, tales of homosexuality • Monzaemon, The Love Suicide at Amijima • Kabuki drama

  18. Modern Japan:The Meiji • Commodore Perry, trade with America • Mitsuhito’s “Enlightened Government” • Radical program of reform • Strong central government • Military program • Industrialization

  19. Chapter Nineteen: Discussion Questions • To what extent did religious and cultural tolerance of the Moghal empire affect the arts of the period? Explain, citing specific examples. What was the effect of a loss of tolerance? • What were the positive effects of China’s resistance to Western cultural influences? How did the country’s isolation ultimately serve to undo it political and social stability? Explain. • What was the function of art in Communist China? Explain. • What was the result of outside influence into Japanese culture during the Period of Feudal Rule and beyond into the Meiji? Consider the far-reaching effects (both positive and negative) of this influence to the people and culture of Japan.

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