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The term "filibuster" refers to unauthorized military expeditions into foreign nations, often to support revolutions. This practice attracted adventurous individuals like Philip Nolan, Jean Lafitte, Gutierrez-Magee, James Long, Henry Perry, and Ellis P. Bean, each motivated by personal gain or a desire for Mexican independence. These figures challenged Spanish authority in Texas and contributed to the revolutionary fervor in the region. Their actions had significant implications for relations between Mexico and the United States during the 19th century.
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Filibuster Definition: Past: is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to support a revolution. Filibusters were irregular soldiers who acted without authority from their own government, and were usually motivated by financial gain, political ideology, or the thrill of adventure
Philip Nolan Background History: Received a good education, bookkeeper and shipping clerk, businessman, trader Crime Accused Of: Stealing and selling mustangs to Louisiana, accused of spying for the United States Outcome: Killed by Spanish Troops from Nacogdoches
Jean Lafitte Background History: Born in France, Galveston Pirate, American Hero War of 1812 - fought with U.S. against the British Crime Accused Of: Favored Mexican independence from Spain Involved in smuggling, typical pirate activity of stealing gold and treasures Outcome: He became mortally ill by Spanish and died
Gutierrez-Magee Background History: Gutierrez follower of Hidalgo; Magee in U.S. Army; Formed the “Republican Army of the North” Crime Accused Of: Believed in freeing Mexico from Spain; Rebelling against the Spanish Government Invaded Texas Outcome: Magee-rumor that his men poisoned him but he died from a long illness Gutierrez-later fell on a trip and died
James Long Background History: U.S. Army surgeon; opposed the Adams-Onis Treaty; believed that Texas should be part of the U. S. or independent Crime Accused Of: Led a group to Nacogdoches, declared independence from Spain Outcome: Captured and later shot by the Spanish
Henry Perry Background History: Joined the Gutierrez-Magee expedition; he was made captain Crime Accused Of: Favored Mexican Independence from Spain; tried to capture La Bahia Outcome: Wounded but wouldn’t surrender instead he killed himself
Ellis P. Bean Background History: He joined Philip Nolan’s filibustering expedition lured by talk of gold and silver; Became a Mexican colonel in the fight for Mexican Independence Crime Accused Of: Filibuster and Mexican Revolutionary Outcome: He went to live with his first wife and later died in her home
Mexico in 1821 MEXICO USA