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Kingdom Protista

Explore the general characteristics of Kingdom Protista, including their eukaryotic nature and diverse nutritional strategies. Discover the different types of animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists, their methods of movement, and their importance in ecosystems. Learn about harmful diseases caused by animal-like protists and the beneficial roles protists play in nutrient recycling. Uncover the uses of algae and the impact of harmful algal blooms. Lastly, explore the significance of fungus-like protists, including their role in recycling organic material and historical events such as the Great Potato Famine.

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista

  2. General Characteristics • Any organism not classified as a—plant, animal, fungus, or bacteria (prokaryote). • Protists are eukaryotic having a distinct nucleus and organelles. • Most protists are unicellular (one-celled) but some are multicellular.

  3. 4. Protists are primarily classified according to how they obtain nutrition: Animal-like—heterotrophs (eat other organisms) b. Plant-like—autotrophs They contain chloroplasts and make their own food (photosynthesis). Fungus-like— Decomposers/Heterotrophs Didinium eating Paramecium Green like plants! Water mold

  4. Video Animal-like Protists (Protozoans) • Method of Movement: • Cilia—hair-like projections used for movement and feeding • Cytoplasmic streaming—pseudopod (false foot) extends and cytoplasm streams into it. Video

  5. 2. Paramecium: Contractile Vacuole Collects and removes excess H2O (Maintains homeostasis) Nucleus Cilia Oral Groove Used to collect food Cell Membrane

  6. 3. Amoeba: Nucleus Contractile Vacuole Pseudopod (False foot)

  7. Importance of Animal-like Protists: a. Harmful i. Disease-causing parasites spread by insect bites 1. Malaria—Plasmodium spread by mosquito 2. African Sleeping Sickness— Trypmosoma spread by Tsetse fly

  8. Beneficial • Recycles nutrients by breaking down dead matter • Food source—for other organisms • Mutualism—both organisms benefit • Example: Trichonympha—makes it possible for termites to eat wood. Termites do not have the enzymes to digest wood.

  9. Plant-like Protists 1. Method of Movement: a. Flagellum—whip-like structure used for movement 2. Euglena: Eyespot For photosynthesis (light) Nucleus Flagella Video Contractile Vacuole Chloroplasts

  10. Unicellular Algae: • Phytoplankton provides a source of nourishment for other organisms • b. Protists recycle sewage and waste materials.

  11. Algal blooms are harmful when overgrown—deplete water of nutrients consequently killing fish. • Algal blooms called Red Tides cause illness, paralysis, and death of fish and even humans.

  12. Multicellular Algae: • Examples--- • Red Algae • Green Algae • Brown Algae

  13. Uses of Algae: • Algae is a good food source for life in the oceans. • Algae produces much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis. • Algae is used to make sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, plastics, paint, agar.

  14. Fungus-like Protists: • Examples— • Slime molds • Water molds

  15. Importance of Fungus-like Protists: • Beneficial— • Recycles dead organic material. Results in rich, topsoil providing nutrients for plants.

  16. Harmful— • P. Infestans(water mold) caused Great Potato Famine in Ireland. This lead to the mass starvation of 1 million Irish people.

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