Heart failure and diet Prepared by Samira Abu Jyap Supervisor Baker M .Zabut

1. Heart failure and diet Prepared by Samira Abu Jyap Supervisor Baker M .Zabut Heart failure and diet

2. Anatomy of the Human Heart The Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Left Ventricle. Aorta

3. What is heart failure? "heart failure" simply means that your heart isn't pumping blood as well as it should. Heart failure doesn't mean your heart has stopped working or that you are having a heart attack (but, people with heart failure often have had a heart attack in the past). Heart failure is also called congestive heart failure, or CHF

4. What causes heart failure? • Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the blood vessels to the heart) • Problems with the heart muscle itself (known as cardiomyopathy) • High blood pressure (also known as hypertension) • Problems with any of the heart valves • Abnormal heart rhythms (also called arrythmias) • Toxic substances (such as alcohol abuse) • Congenital heart disease (a heart problem you were born with) • Diabetes • Thyroid problems

5. What are the symptoms of heart failure? • Shortness of breath (perhaps when walking or climbing stairs) • Shortness of breath when lying down flat in bed • Waking up in the night, suddenly breathless • General tiredness or weakness • Swelling of the legs (usually just the feet or ankles) • Rapid weight gain (1 or 2 pounds a day for 3 days in a row) • Chronic cough

6. What tests will need? • Blood tests • Urine tests • Chest x-ray • Electrocardiogram (also called EKG or ECG) • Echocardiography

7. Classification • There are many different ways to categorize heart failure, including: • the side of the heart involved, (left heart failure versus right heart failure) • whether the abnormality is due to contraction or relaxation of the heart (systolic dysfunction vs. diastolic dysfunction) • whether the abnormality is due to low cardiac output or high systemic vascular resistance (low-output heart failure vs. high-output heart failure) • the degree of functional impairment conferred by the abnormality (as in the NYHA functional classification)

8. What treatment will need? • Diet: You may be told to reduce the amount of salt you eat. You doctor may also tell you to eat a diet low in fat and cholesterol. • Alcohol: You will be advised to drink less alcohol. • Exercise: Most people with heart failure can still exercise, but your doctor will help you decide how much and what kind of exercise you can do. • Weight: Your doctor will tell you if you need to lose weight. • Family support: Your family can be a big help to you, so involve them when possible. • Other sources of support: Your doctor can give you information about support groups. It sometimes helps to talk with other people who have similar problems

9. What medicines will I need to take? • ACE inhibitors. • Diuretics • Beta-blockers. • Digoxin.

10. Exercise Exercise can be fun and will help you to feel better, more alert and more able to do everyday tasks. ØWalking ØCycling

11. Smoking Smoking is a major risk factor, for heart failure and other serious conditions.  Smoking causes the arteries to become blocked and makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood around the body.  The heart has to work twice as a result, putting an enormous strain upon it.

12. Stress • Be aware of your stress levels • Get plenty of sleep • Keep some time for yourself • Eat a balanced diet • Exercise regularly • Use simple relaxation techniques • Make time to relax with family and friends

13. Food/diet • Avoid fatty foods, eat starchy foods instead (bread, pasta, potatoes, rice, cereals) • Cut right down on saturated fats and substitute them with small amounts of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. Saturated fats are found in butter, hard cheese, lard, dripping, coconut oil and palm oil. Polyunsaturated fats are found in cornflower oil, sunflower oil, soya oil and fish oil. Some margarines and spreads are made from polyunsaturated fats. Monounsaturated fats are found in olive oil, walnut oil and rapeseed oil, and in some margarines and spreads. • Avoid food with high salt (sodium) levels.  • Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit (you should aim to eat 5 portions a day) • Eat a balanced and moderate diet • Don’t overeat!

14. You do not necessarily have to cut out all your favourite things and ‘live off a lettuce leaf’, but you should make efforts to improve the way you eat.  There are simple things that you can do which will make a difference: • Grill foods like meat/fish rather than fry them • Don’t put butter on vegetables • Don’t put salt on your food for extra seasoning • Try to eat more salad • Eat oily fish, such as sardines or mackerel, twice a week, it is a very good source of protein and ‘healthy’ oils • Have cereal for breakfast rather than a fried breakfast • Do not eat too much chocolate, crisps or sweets – you can treat yourself occasionally but try to cut down on these things

15. نباتات لعلاج أمراض القلب • أمراض القلب : الكزبرة - زيت القرطم ( تصلب الشرايين )-الكرات - الثوم - زيت الذرة - زيت السمسم - الشعير - الخلة البلدي . • تنشيط القلب والدورة الدموية : إكليل الجبل - جنزبيل - بصل - حناء - كافور - هندباء - قرفة - عسل نحل - هليون . • ضد ارتفاع ضغط الدم العالي : بلح - حناء - كركديه - جزر - ترمس - دوم - البصل - جينسنج - عرقسوس - الكمثرى - ينسون - الثوم - لب القرع ( اللب الأبيض ) - البردقوش - لب البطيخ - الخرشوف - زيت الذرة - الشعير - الفاصوليا . • الذبحة الصدرية : ثوم - بصل - هليون - شواشي الذرة - عسل النحل - الزعتر - الخلة البلدي - ست الحسن - التوت - العنصل . • ارتفاع الكوليسترول في الدم : الحلبة - زيت القرطم - زيت الزيتون - الثوم - فول الصويا - زيت الذرة - الخرشوف ( يذيب الكوليسترول ) - خوخ - عسل نحل . • هبوط ضغط الدم وضعف القلب : الكزبرة - حصا لبان - الميلسيا - الريحان - العنصل - البصل ( يقوي ضربات القلب ) - الملوخية ( ترفع الضغط المنخفض ) -الشيح ( ينظم ضربات القلب ) .

16. أفضل علاج للقلب • *يؤكد جميع العلماء على أن السبب الأول للوفاة هو اضطراب نظم عمل القلب، وأن أفضل طريقة للعلاج هو العمل على استقرار هذه القلوب، وقد ثبُت أن بعض الترددات الصوتية تؤثر في عمل القلب وتساعد على استقراره، وهل هناك أفضل من صوت القرآن؟ ولذلك قال تعالى: (الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ أَلَا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ) [الرعد: 28]. وقد وجد بالتجربة أن تلاوة هذه الآية سبع مرات صباحاً ومساءً تؤدي إلى استقرار كبير في عمل القلب، والله أعلم. • *وأخيراً نسأل الله تعالى أن يثبت قلوبنا على الإيمان، ونتذكر أكثر دعاء النبي: (يا مقلّب القلوب ثبّت قلبي على دينك)، وندعو بدعاء المؤمنين: (رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ) [آل عمران: 8].