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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Organizing and Presenting Public Speeches. Organizing Speeches. Organizing oral communication differs from organizing written communication in three ways: requires more explicit organization benefits from greater redundancy should rely on less complex sentence structures.

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Organizing and Presenting Public Speeches

  2. Organizing Speeches • Organizing oral communication differs from organizing written communication in three ways: • requires more explicit organization • benefits from greater redundancy • should rely on less complex sentence structures

  3. Outlining Speeches • Working outline • just for the speaker, multiple drafts • Formal outline • includes all main points, supporting materials, and transitions (Table 16.1) • Key word outline • designed to trigger a speaker’s memory of each point

  4. Organizing the Body • Time pattern • temporal, chronological relationships • Spatial pattern • physical relationships • Topical pattern • categories, classes, areas of discussion • Star pattern • flexible arrangement of topics

  5. Organizing (cont’d) • Wave pattern • repetition, each idea buildings up to a main point (“I Have a Dream” speech) • Comparative pattern • compares two or more objects, people, situations, etc. • Problem-solution pattern • effective for persuasive speeches

  6. Organizing (cont’d) • Cause-effect and effect-cause patterns • argues a direct relationshipbetween two things

  7. Designing the Introduction • Gain listeners’ attention and motivate them to listen • question • personal involvement • startling evidence • quotation • dramatic example

  8. Designing the Introduction (cont’d) • Present a clear thesis statement • Build credibility • Preview the body (major points)

  9. Crafting the Conclusion • Concisely summarize content • Provide a final memorable thought

  10. Transitions • Words, sentences, or nonverbal cues that connect ideas and main points in a speech

  11. Communication Apprehension • Some degree of anxiety about communicating in some situations • Causes of communication apprehension • situational • chronic

  12. Reducing Apprehension • Systematic desensitization • Cognitive restructuring • Positive visualization • Skills training

  13. Oral Style • Visual, vocal, and verbal communication with listeners • Effective oral communication is • informal • personal • immediate and active

  14. Styles of Delivery • Impromptu • Extemporaneous • Manuscript • Memorized

  15. Practice! • Practice • Practice • Practice

  16. Websites • Toastmasters International • Includes free resources and listings of Toastmasters clubs in your area • American Rhetoric • Includes full text, audio, and video files of the top 100 speeches in the 20th century • Speaking-Tips.com • Executive Communications Group • Articles and re-prints on communication and presentation skills

  17. Video Hate Crimes by Mariah Morgan PLAY VIDEO

  18. Video Speech of Introduction using a Collage by Adam Currier PLAY VIDEO

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