Knowledge Acquisition

1. Knowledge Acquisition How to Study Effectively

2. Rehearsal Strategies • Rehearsal strategies are used for memorizing when we are interested primarily in putting information into short-term memory • (for example, the night before the exam).

3. Rehearsal Strategies • Rehearsal: the process of repeating information over and over again, without altering its form. • Examples: • flashcards • repeating key terms or items aloud • re-reading • repetitive writing

4. Example of a Rehearsal Strategy • Repetitive writing • Rewriting the instructional material over and over again verbatim until the material is learned.

5. Aviation Example • Airport Identifiers • IFR/VFR Cruise Altitudes • Holding Pattern Entry • Emergency Procedures • Checklist Items

6. Mnemonic • Memory "tricks"; • An acronym formed by using the first letters of each word of the new information to form a new, memorable word.

7. Mnemonics • Some examples of mnemonics include: • First-letter method: For example, remembering the order of operations in algebra by memorizing the first letter of each operation and making a sentence out of it. ("Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally.") • Rhymes and tunes: Refers to rhyming or creating a tune or song to help remember something. (the ABC song). • Story method: Constructing a sentence, paragraph or story about the items to be remembered.

8. Using a Mnemonic Strategy • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

9. An Example • Looking at your notes determine what you will need to remember just for this exam. • Now create a rehearsal strategy for remembering that information.

10. Aviation Example ICE-T: Indicated (airspeed) to Calibrated to Equivilent to True True Vegans Make Dull Company: True (heading) + or - Variation = Magnetic + or - Deviation = Compass

11. Organization Strategies • Organization: the process of grouping related items of content into categories or patterns that illustrate relationships. • Examples: • diagramming, mapping • categorizing and classifying • flowcharting • outlining • hierarchies, and matrices

12. An Example of an Organizational Strategy • Matrix • It is a type of chart consisting of rows and columns of information. • The column headings usually indicate the main ideas or topics of the instructional material. • The rows consist of the properties, or characteristics of those ideas or topics

13. Aviation Example • Emergency Procedures: • Take Off • Enroute • Landing • Maneuvering • Instrument Approach Charts: Grouping of relevant data in diagram form

14. Example of an Organizational Strategy • Hierarchy • Items are arranged logically in levels from a top level down to a bottom level. • The main idea or top level item is placed at the top. Subordinate items are placed below. • Typically shaped like pyramids or inverted trees.

15. Aviation Example • Organizational Chart of Mesa Air Group • Decision Tree • Political Environment of an Agency (factors that influence)

16. Elaboration Strategies • Elaboration: the process of using what is already known to expand on new information. • Examples: • summarizing in one's own words, paraphrasing • asking and answering questions about the material • teaching it to someone else • comparing and contrasting

17. Aviation Example • Your Instructor asks you to explain a procedure to the class • You summarize the functions of the FAA to the Dept. of Motor Vehicles • You explain what an ILS is to your father using non technical terms