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Nuclear Proliferation and US Foreign Policy

Nuclear Proliferation and US Foreign Policy. Proliferation- Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Horizontal vs Vertical Proliferation. Vertical- Spread within states that already have Nuclear Weapons . Horizontal- Spread to states that do not have them. States that are suspected of having

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Nuclear Proliferation and US Foreign Policy

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  1. Nuclear Proliferation and US Foreign Policy

  2. Proliferation- Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction Horizontal vs Vertical Proliferation Vertical- Spread within states that already have Nuclear Weapons Horizontal- Spread to states that do not have them

  3. States that are suspected of having India, Pakistan,Israel States that might be able to produce: Iran, North Korea, and Terrorists

  4. Importance of Proliferation: 1) Jeopardizes US and interests 2) threatens US allies 3) Widespread proliferation and dangers 4) Accidents 5) Environment

  5. Current Policy -- Prevention and Defense Prevention- Treaties- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Negotiated in the 1960s, came into force March 1970 Most states are a member.

  6. Key Holdouts: Cuba, India, Israel, and Pakistan NPT- distinction between NWS (US, GB, FRG, CHN, RUS) and NNWS NNWS Pledge 1) Not Proliferate 2) Accept IAEA safeguards

  7. NWS pledge: 1) Not help proliferators 2) Nuclear Disarm 3) Assist in Peaceful Spread Nuclear Energy Key Concerns 1) Proliferating States outside the Treaty 2) NWS not disarming, no CTBT, etc.

  8. 1995- NPT extended indefinitely MTCR- Missile Technology Control Regime Reduction in US nuclear weapons 1966 (high): 32,000+ warheads+bombs 2007- 9,000+ (only half are active) New START- 1550 active

  9. Obama: CTBT (Ratification failed once) Weapons grade fissile material ban These are proposed (see alternatives)

  10. DEFENSE- COUNTER-PROLIFERATION 1) Sanctions 2) Force- Targeted or Broader (Clinton- 1994 Threat to NK, Bush- Threat to Iran, Used against Iraq, Obama-?) 3) ABM and ATBM (ABM less emphasized?)

  11. Alternatives: 1) All Prevention- CTBT, NFU, no ABM Advs 1) addresses hypocrisy and criticism CTBT Advs 1) Commitment 2) restraints others 3) US not need

  12. Advs of Prevention 2) others restrain Problems with Prevention 1) Too Late 2) Too Little

  13. Managed Proliferation (Like Dealing with Teenage Sex) US Policy 1) Defense 2) Safeguards Advs 1) reality 2) No accidents 3) Deterrence

  14. Problems 1) kills NPT 2) encourages Proliferation 3) Unstable 3) Resolve Conflicts Instead Advs- solves reasons, prevents war Problems- US in the Conflict, cant resolve

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