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Thomas Jefferson's Presidency and the Election of 1800

Delve into Thomas Jefferson's presidency from 1801-1809, exploring the XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, Election of 1800, and the intense tie-breaking process. Witness Jefferson's inauguration and his essential principles of government highlighted in his first inaugural address.

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Thomas Jefferson's Presidency and the Election of 1800

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  1. Bell Ringer • John Adams – Second President / Federalists/ Washington’s Vice-President • XYZ Affair – • American merchant ships being seized by French warships • French not happy with Jay’s treaty • Adams sends delegates to France to negotiate • French ministers (X, Y, & Z) requested bribes in order to enter into negotiations

  2. Alien Acts What did it do? • Authorized the president to deport any aliens considered to be dangerous • Authorized the president to detain any enemy aliens in a time of war

  3. Sedition Acts What did it do? • Makes it illegal for newspapers to criticize the president or Congress • Imposed heavy penalties for editors who violated the new law • Fines • Imprisonment

  4. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency 1801-1809

  5. Election of 1800 • Federalists • John Adams • 1st sitting president who had to seriously campaign to keep his job • Charles Pinckney • Picked because of success from XYZ Affair • Democratic –Republican • Thomas Jefferson • VP who really wants to be POTUS • Aaron Burr • Popular politician within Democratic –Republican party

  6. Election of 1800 Breakdown • Thomas Jefferson - 73 electoral votes • Aaron Burr - 73 electoral votes • John Adams - 65 electoral votes • Problem: • If there is a tie for 1st, who wins? • Who becomes VPOTUS? • It goes to the House of Representatives to pick from the top 2 candidates!

  7. In the case of a tie…House of Representatives picks the new POTUS • In the H of Reps • Most of the majority political party is the Federalists: • They refuse to vote for TJ • They pick Burr just because they hate Thomas Jefferson • The Democratic-Republican’s make up the rest • They vote for Jefferson • What happens? It’s a tie vote 30 straight times… • Then, it gets weird….

  8. Enter Alexander Hamilton • Because he hated Aaron Burr so much… • He got the Federalists to not vote at all • That way Jefferson could win! • Becomes 3rd POTUS • Aaron Burr is furious • He becomes VPOTUS • Because of this…. • Aaron Burr and Hamilton will be lifelong enemies… • Until one shoots the other.

  9. The U.S. Constitution gets a new amendment • 12th amendment • Added in 1803 • Created 2 ballots for presidential elections: • 1 for POTUS • 1 for VPOTUS • That way there can never be a tie again….we hope.

  10. So what happens after the election of 1800… • Thomas Jefferson is excited!!! • Gets to become next POTUS • John Adams is very disappointed he took 3rd. • Goes home to Massachusetts to retire. • Was happy that the power of the POTUS passed freely to another political party • Showed that our government was strong enough to endure. • Aaron Burr and Alex Hamilton? • It takes 4 years, but • It’s time to duel it out…

  11. The Beginning • March 4, 1801 • Thomas Jefferson is the first President inaugurated in the new capital city of Washington D.C. • He delivers his first inaugural address. This address outlines what he feels are the essential principles of government.

  12. First Inaugural Address • Essential Principles of Government • “equal and exact justice to all men” • “peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations” • “the support of state governments and the common man” • Note: Jefferson did not wear a wig! • punishment for those who choose to revolt • honest payment of debts • freedom of religion • freedom of the press

  13. Jefferson Video – 3:30

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