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States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and More

Explore the characteristics of different states of matter, from the compact structure of solids to the fluidity of liquids and gases, along with unique phases like liquid crystals and the behavior of molecules. Learn about chemical formulas, alloys, and more fascinating aspects of matter.

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States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and More

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  1. States of Matter

  2. Solids • Neither take the shape or volume of container • Atoms are very close together • Not very compressible • Atoms vibrate in place but don’t “get anywhere”

  3. Liquids • Take the shape but not the volume of container • Atoms are very close together • Not very compressible • Molecules can “get around” • This produces diffusion

  4. Gases • Take shape and volume of container • Molecules are far apart • So gases are compressible • Molecules moving about 1000 mph • Molecules can “get around” quickly • So gases also show diffusion • Gas pressure is molecules colliding with walls of container

  5. Liquid Crystals • Intermediate phase • Between liquid and solid • It is a liquid, but has crystalline properties • Used extensively in LCD’s

  6. Molecules • Group of 2 or more atoms bound together • Diatomic, triatomic, etc → billions of atoms • Homoatomic – O2, H2, N2 • Heteroatomic – H2O, NH3, CO2, CO • Limit of physical subdivision • Smallest unit of a compound • 10 million known + 7000/week • Natural vs synthetic • Diatomic or polyatomic

  7. Chemical Formulas • Specify composition of substance • Symbols with subscripts • For ionic compounds (non-molecular or extended network) – gives ratio • If parentheses, treat like math Assumed - 1

  8. Metals • Some can be quite toxic • Mercury • Nickel • Some thought to be toxic have been found to be essential to life in small quantities • Chromium

  9. Alloys • Mostly solid solutions – homogeneous mixtures • Two main kinds • Interstitial alloys – steel • Substitutional alloys – brass and bronze

  10. Alloys • Mostly solid solutions – homogeneous mixtures • Two main kinds • Interstitial alloys – steel • Substitutional alloys – brass and bronze • Non-homogeneous • Small crystals • Like solder

  11. Websites of Interest • Do some exploring

  12. H3 – C1 • 14-16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 34, 44, 47, 48, 55

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