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Causes of War

Causes of War. The Individual Level. Quincy Wright . Enthusiasm for Ideals (religion, nation, democracy , freedom, etc ) Escape discomfort ( danger , boredom , hunger, confusion ) Protect or expand the power of a government , party, or class , in relation to other states

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Causes of War

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  1. Causes of War The IndividualLevel

  2. Quincy Wright • Enthusiasm for Ideals (religion, nation, democracy, freedom, etc) • Escapediscomfort (danger, boredom, hunger, confusion) • Protect or expand the power of a government, party, or class, in relation to otherstates • Violations of laws and agreements

  3. ”Culprit Hunting” in 18th century • Ambitious absolute monarchs • Rivalry for colonies • Quelldomestic revolutions by unifying, gloriousforeignwars • Capitalists’ chase for new markets • Arms races and arms salesmen

  4. InstinctivistTheories • Freud: we’realwaystrying to restore a sense of peace in ourselves– baby in the womb • Humans havetwo drives • Eros: life instinct (sex) must be repressed by society • Thanatos: self-directedagression (death instinct) – ultimate peace in death

  5. Freud • Two drives cause conflict Wecan DISPLACE the drives: • Destroysomethingelseifwe’re not to destroyourselves or Wecan SUBLIMATE the drives into art, sports, thinking, achievement

  6. Freud • NarcicissiticInjury / rage: Identifying with the group, wantingjustice for slights and injuries to it

  7. Lorenz • Agressioninstinctive to all species • BasicallyConstructive • Important for competing for limitedresources, survival • The big 4: aggression, hunger, sex, and fear (flight) build up and needdisplaced • Animal aggression stops whenneedssatisfied or enemiessurrender (appeasement)

  8. Lorenz • Humans: with technology, our intentions overrideourinstincts • Weapons to depersonalizeourenemies (distance) • Militant enthusiasm: group pressures

  9. SociobiologicalPerspective • All behaviorresults from bothinstincts and experiences, is alwaysADAPTIVE • Behavioraltraitsgrow over a whole population (group) • Mothers who protecttheiroffspring, thoseoffspringsurivebetter • Altruism and cooperation (VS selfishness) • Naturalselectionapplies to the group

  10. EO Wilson on Altruism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4Ltmy4DvNg&feature=related • EvolutionaryBenefitsof Altruism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Shw1gQwBlNM

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