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Understanding Linac Systems: Energy, Beam Brightness, Filamentation, and Operating Frequencies

Explore why conventional focusing systems at low energy in proton/ion linacs are limited, leading to the use of RFQs. Learn the requirements for delivering high-brightness beams and effects of filamentation. Understand commonalities between low-energy sections of proton and electron linacs, cell limitations, and causes behind heavy ion linacs' lower operating frequencies. Discover the challenges of pulsed operation in superconducting linacs compared to CW operation and why increasing accelerating gradient in normal-conducting linacs to breakdown limit isn't always ideal. Unlock insights for operating NC linac structures at high gradients. Dive into lecture 3 MV questions.

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Understanding Linac Systems: Energy, Beam Brightness, Filamentation, and Operating Frequencies

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  1. What limits the use of a conventional focusing system at low energy in a proton/ion linac, forcing us to use RFQs? What do you need in order to deliver a high brightness beam to your users? What are the causes of filamentation? And what is its effect? What have in common the low-energy sections of proton and electron linacs? How many consecutive identical cells can we have in a linac structure? And what limits their number? Why heavy ion linacs have lower operating frequencies than proton linacs? And why electron linacs have higher operating frequencies? Why for superconducting linacs pulsed operation presents additional problems than CW operation? What are these problems? Is it always convenient to try increasing the accelerating gradient of a normal-conducting linac up to the breakdown limit? Why? What do you need to do in order to operate your NC linac structure at very high gradient (for example, 2.5 Kilpatrick peak surface field)? Questions lecture 3 MV

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