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Legacy of Ancient Egypt: From Pyramids to Empire

Explore the rise of the Egyptian civilization from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom, focusing on rulers, daily life, religion, and achievements. Discover the rich history, culture, and advancements of this ancient empire that left a lasting imprint on the world.

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Legacy of Ancient Egypt: From Pyramids to Empire

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  1. The Egyptians 3000 - 332 BC Chapter 1 Section 2

  2. The Old Kingdom2700-2200 BCE • Established by Narmar - Begins rule by Dynasty - Line of rulers by 1 family • Strong National Monarchy - Viewed as a Political leader but also a God on Earth • Bureaucracy - Group of government officials that carried out trade, collected taxes and supervised public works • Creation of the Pyramids

  3. Middle Kingdom2050-1800 BC • Moved the capital to Thebes • Expanded cultivating area around the Nile • Many military campaigns • Period of Foreign Rule

  4. New Kingdom1600 - 332 BC (conquered by Kushites) • Founded by Ahmose - A military leader assumes title of Pharaoh - “Great House of the King” • Civilization expands to an empire • Benefit from cultural diffusion from other empires • Great wealth gained from conquest

  5. Egyptian Rulers • Hatshepsut - Extensive building programs, great funeral temple, and a tomb built in the Valley of the Kings • First Female Pharaoh - Originally dawned a beard and dressed as a male to more look the part • Thutmose III - Created the Egyptian empire - united all the territories

  6. Rulers Cont. • Amenhotep - Broke the Egyptian tradition of worshiping many deities • Worshipped Aton - Sun-disk God • Changed name to Akhenaton - Spirit of Aton • Ramses II - Reigned for 67 years - Great Pharaoh who greatly expanded the empire

  7. Egyptian Daily Life • 5 million people • Many social classes Top - Royalty, nobles, and priests. Second - Middle class of artisans, scribes, merchants, and tax collectors. Lower Class (Most People) - Farmers • Women - Old kingdom - seen as property and producers of children • Empire - Legal rights - own property, divorce, and other legal proceedings.

  8. Egyptian Religion • Guided every aspect of Egyptian Daily life • Originally Polytheistic: Amon-Ra(Sun), Osiris(Dead), etc… • Devoted much of their time and wealth to preparing for the afterlife • Embalming - Keep the bodies from decaying - Dried, shrunken - Mummification

  9. Writing System • Hieroglyphics - Pictures that stood for objects, ideas, and sounds • Hieratic - Everyday business - Cursive, flowing script that simplified and connected the picture symbols • Few Egyptians could read or write - Scribes with careers in government or commerce

  10. Achievements • Pyramids • Number system - Calculate area and volume • 365 day calendar • Medical expertise

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